a cultural resources evaluation of the fish rock road sediment ...

A CULTURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION OF THE 

FISH ROCK ROAD SEDIMENT REDUCTION PROJECT 

MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 

DOT AGREEMENT NO. 90012 

DOT PROJECT NO. D-0703 

Submitted to: 

Alex Straessle, Engineer 

Drainage and Habitat Conservation 

Mendocino County Department of Transportation 

340 Lake Mendocino Drive 

Ukiah, CA 95482-9432 

Submitted by: 

Sally Evans and William Roop 

Archaeological Resource Service 

January 7, 2011 


122 American Alley, Suite A 

Petaluma, CA 94952 

(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791

A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Fish Rock Road Sediment Reduction Project, Mendocino County, California. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 

PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 1 

PROJECT LOCATION and APE ....................................................................................................... 1 

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................ 2 

REGULATORY SETTING .................................................................................................................. 6 

RESULTS OF LITERATURE CHECK ................................................................................................ 7 

Ethnographic Setting ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 

Historic Setting ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 

Previous Studies and Recorded Cultural Resources ................................................................................................ 11 

FIELD SURVEY ................................................................................................................................ 15 

SURVEY RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 15 

CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 20 

RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 22 

REFERENCES CONSULTED .......................................................................................................... 25 

APPENDICIES 

APPENDIX A: Cultural Resource Sensitivity Maps [confidential, not for general distribution) 

Table of treatment (DIRT) sites with results of surface inspection 

APPENDIX B: Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Forms 

ARS 09-037-01: building >45 years of age 

ARS 09-037-02: remnants of private bridge and structure 


APPENDIX C: Native American Correspondence 

i

A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Fish Rock Road Sediment Reduction Project, Mendocino County, California. 


INTRODUCTION 

As requested and authorized by the Mendocino County Department of Transportation, Archaeological 

Resource Service has conducted an archaeological evaluation of the Area of Potential Effect (APE) as 

described below. The evaluation consisted of six aspects: 

1. A check of the information on file with our office and the Northwest Information Center 

(NWIC) of the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS), to determine 

the presence or absence of previously recorded historic or prehistoric cultural resources 

within or adjacent the APE; 

2. A check with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to determine if there are 

sites listed in the Sacred Lands File within or near to the current project area, and sending 

letters of notification and request of comment to the local Native American contact 

persons regarding traditional, cultural, and religious values; 

3. A check of appropriate historic references to determine the potential for historic era 

archaeological deposits or features, such as standing structures greater than 45 years of 

age, to be located within or adjacent the APE; 

4. A surface reconnaissance of treatment (DIRT) sites to locate any visible signs of 

potentially significant historic or prehistoric cultural deposits, features or isolated that 

would be adversely impacted by the proposed activities; 

5. An archaeological sensitivity analysis of the appurtenant road segments to provide 

appropriate recommendations for those areas, where warranted; and 

6. A site visit with the engineer at locations where further recommends are warranted to 

discuss recommendations and options to mitigate impacts to a less-than-significant level. 

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

The Fish Rock Road Sediment Reduction Project is proposed as part of the Mendocino County 

Department of Transportation’s Site Specific Management Plan and Erosion Control Plan to improve road 

drainage and reduce sediment on portions of Fish Rock Road that are within or hydrologically connected 

to the Garcia River watershed. 

Activities will generally include the replacement of corroded or undersized culverts, installation of new 

culverts at filled stream crossings, installation of new ditch relief culverts, installation of culvert 

downspouts, installation of energy dissipaters at culvert outlets, remediation of eroded sites, removal or 

breaching of roadside berms, and road reshaping. The project will involve up to 219 locations and about 

nine miles of roadway within and immediately adjacent to appurtenant sections of roadway along the 

approximately 24-mile stretch of Fish Rock Road. The appurtenant road sections lie within the Garcia 

River watershed boundary. 

An initial record search conducted by the Northwest Information Center of the California Historical 

Resources Information System indicated that seven archaeological projects have included all or part of 

the current project area, and five cultural resources, including four Native American sites and one Euro 

American site, lie in or immediately adjacent to the project site (Guldenbrein 2009). As a result of that 

initial records search, the Mendocino County Department of Transportation retained ARS to conduct a 

cultural resource evaluation to identify the significant and potentially significant cultural resources within 

and adjacent to the project area, to assess potential impacts as a result of the project, and to provide 

further recommendations to satisfy the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation 

Act and the Mendocino County Archaeological Commission. 

PROJECT LOCATION AND APE 

The project area includes a 24-mile stretch of Fish Rock Road that extends west from Highway 128 at 

Yorkville to Iverson Road near Gualala. The appurtenant road segments along Fish Rock Road, which lie 

within the Garcia River watershed, are indicated on the APE maps. The maps also indicate the treatment 

(DIRT) site locations and segments of roadway that may undergo reshaping and/or berm work, or where 

additional treatment sites could be proposed. 

1



The project area traverses portions of the USGS 7.5’ Gualala, McGuire Ridge, Zeni Ridge and Orbaun 

Valley quadrangle maps. The project area traverses the following Township and Range coordinates and 

Section numbers: 

Township 11 North / Range 15 West: Sections 2,3,4,5 

Township 12 North / Range 15 West: Sections 34, 35, 36 

Township 12 North / Range 14 West: Sections 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29, 30 

Township 12 North / Range 13 West: Sections 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 18 

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid coordinates at each end of the project area, as 

determined by measurement from the USGS 7.5' Gualala (1960; 1977 photo revision) and Orbaun Valley 

(1991) quadrangle maps, are: 

West end (Gualala 7.5’): 4298300 meters north and 451150 meters east, zone 10 

East end (Orbaun Valley 7.5’): 4307210 meters north and 474280 meters east, zone 10 

The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for archaeological resources includes the areas of direct impact within 

the appurtenant road segments, including the treatment (DIRT) project points and segments of roadway 

that may undergo berm work or reshaping. The APE for architectural and historical resources is bounded 

by the road right-of-way width of 40 feet. The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) has concurred 

with the APE determination. 

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 

Fish Rock Road stretches east-west through a mountainous region of southern Mendocino County. This 

area is characterized by extremely steep terrain and rugged forestland. Elevation ranges from about 500 

feet to 2,225 feet above sea level. The average annual temperature is about 53 °F (12 °C) and the 

average annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 80 inches. Towards the west end of Fish Rock Road near 

Gualala the summers are cool and moist with frequent fog due to the coastal influence, while the 

Anderson Valley at the east end hosts a warm to hot summer climate, with daytime highs sometimes in 

excess of 100 °F (38 °C). 

Fish Rock Road crosses over Signal Ridge, which is an east-west running ridge situated about 1,600 feet 

above sea level. This ridge marks the divide between the drainages of the Garcia River and the North 

Fork of the Gualala River. 

The dominate vegetation is a mixed forest of Coast Redwood, Douglas fir, pine, madrone, bay and a 

variety of oak species, including tan oak. Much of the land has been harvested over the last 150 years 

and parts are scarred by erosion from past logging activities and road construction, particularly along 

Signal Ridge. Towards the eastern end of Fish Rock Road is a small valley called Ornbaun Valley, 

situated 1300 to 1400 feet above sea level. This is a small open valley surrounded by forestland and 

contains about 20 mineral springs. 

The Malliard Ranch is located at Ornbaun Valley and there are a few large ranches, including the Zeni 

and Gianoli ranches on Signal Ridge; and there are many more recent residences. However, for the most 

part residential development has remained limited along Fish Rock Road. 

2

Fish Rock Road Sediment Reduction Project APE Map 

Map 1 of 3 

! Fish Rock Sites (Milepost Marker, Site ID, Generalized Site Type) 

MP 19.13 

C220 

DRC 

Appurtenant Road Segments 

Reshape Road, Remove Berm, Improve Drainage 

Streams 

Parcels 

USGS Quad Grid 

Not all sites labeled to reduce map clutter 

No road treatments between MP 16.56 and MP 19.13 

! 

MP 

48.01-B 

DRC 

MP 

48.01 

DITCH 

!! ! ! ! 

! ! 

MP 

48.01-A 

DRC 

MP 

48.1 

DITCH 

MP 

48.1-B 

DRC 

MP 

48.1-C 

DRC 

MP 

48.1-A 

DRC 

MP 

48.2-B 

DRC 

! 

! 

McGuire Ridge 7.5 min. Quad. 

MP 20.00 

48.2 

DITCH 

MP 20.89 

50.2 

DRC 

! ! ! 

! !!! 

! 

MP 

48.2-A 

BERM 

MP 

48 

SPOILS SITE 

! 

! 

! 

MP 20.62 

49.1 

STR 

MP 21.79 

50.6 

DRC 

MP 21.30 

C226 

DRC 

! 

! 

! ! 

! 

! 

! 

Zeni Ridge 7.5 min. Quad. Ornbaun Valley 7.5 min. Quad. 

² Feet 

0 1,000 2,000 

1:24,000 

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! 

! 

! ! 

!!! 

! 

!! 

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MP 22.52 

62.1 

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MP 22.23 

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57 

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MP 21.66 

C228 

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!( 

MP 24.36 

86 

STR 

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MP 23.49 

70 

STR 

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Boonville 

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Point Arena !( 

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¬« 128 

MP 24.82 

92 

STR 

MP 23.92 

76 

STR 

! ! 

Fish Rock Road 

! ! ! 

! ! ! !! ! 

! ! 

MP 25.04 

C234 

DRC 

MP 25.36 

96 

STR 

MP 25.97 

104 

STR 

! ! 

!! 

MP 26.14 

C241 

DRC 

! ! ! 

! 

! ! 

! 

! 

MP 25.83 

102 

STR 

! 

MP 

105 

STR 

MP 26.87 

112 

STR 

! !! ! 

Mendocino County 

MP 27.12 

114 

STR 

! 

! 

MP 26.45 

108 

STR 

! ! ! 

MP 26.78 

111 

STR

MP 

32.5 

DITCH 




MP 6.52 

C175 

DRC 

!! 



Streams 

Parcels 



! 

MP 

32.6 

DRC 

! 

MP 7.53 

C177 

DRC 

! 

MP 

33 

SPOILS SITE 

! 

MP 8.00 

C179 

DRC 

! 

MP 9.20 

C180 

DRC 

! 

! 

MP 9.37 

C181 

DRC 

Gualala 7.5 min. Quad. McGuire Ridge 7.5 min. Quad. 

² Feet 

0 1,000 2,000 

1:24,000 

MP 9.72 

35 

DRC 

! 

! 

! 

! 

MP 

??? 

could not find 

MP 

C185.5 

DRC 

MP 

C185.3 

DRC 

! 

! 

! 

MP 10.00 

C184 

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!( 

MP 

C185.4 

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Boonville 

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¬« 128 

! 

MP 11.48 

C186 

DRC 


MP 

C187 

DRC 

! 

MP 

35.5 

DRC 

MP 

NONE 

DRC other 

MP 13.57 

C190 

DRC 

! 

! !! ! 

No road treatments between MP 16.56 and MP 19.13 

MP 13.73 

C192 

DRC 

! 

MP 

36.5 

DITCH 

MP 

NONE 

BERM 

MP 

C193 

DRC 


MP 14.00 

C195 

DRC 

MP 15.75 

36.7 

DRC 

! 

! 

! 

MP 16.56 

37.1 

DRC 

MP 

36.8-A 

DRC 

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MP 15.54 

36.6 

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MP 

37.01 

DITCH 

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MP 16.00 

36.8 

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MP 

36.9 

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Streams 

Parcels 



MP 3.22 

C157 

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! ! 

MP 3.38 

C158 

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MP 3.52 

C159 

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MP 

C160 

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! 

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MP 

C162 

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MP 3.74 

C161 

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MP 

C163 

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MP 

30.01 

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² Feet 

0 1,000 2,000 

! 

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1:24,000 

MP 5.28 

C166 

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MP 

32.5 

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MP 6.52 

C175 

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MP 

32.6 

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MP 7.53 

C177 

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MP 

33 

SPOILS SITE 

!( 

Boonville 

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¬« 1 

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¬« 128 

! 

MP 8.00 

C179 

DRC 

! 


MP 9.20 

C180 

DRC 

! 

! 

MP 9.37 

C181 

DRC 

Gualala 7.5 min. Quad. McGuire Ridge 7.5 min. Quad. 

MP 9.72 

35 

DRC 

! 

! ! 

! 

MP 

??? 

could not find 


MP 

C185.5 

DRC 

MP 

C185.3 

DRC 

! 

! 

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MP 10.00 

C184 

DRC 

MP 

C185.4 

DRC 

! 

MP 

C187 

DRC



REGULATORY SETTING 

The federal and state regulations pertaining to the identification, evaluation and treatment of cultural 

resources are outlined below. 

FEDERAL REGULATIONS 

The federal regulations include Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and its 

implementing regulations 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 pertains to Federal “undertakings,” including 

projects that require a permit from a Federal agency in order for the project to proceed. The NHPA directs 

federal agencies to take into account the effects of proposed activities on historic properties and give the 

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) an opportunity to comment. Historic properties are 

properties that are included in the National Register of Historic Places or that meet the criteria for the 

National Register. 

In order to be included or qualify for the National Register a property, structure or site must possess 

significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering or culture, and must be 

associated with an important historic context and retain historic integrity of those features necessary to 

convey its significance. The resource should possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, 

workmanship, feeling, and association, and meet any of the following criteria: 

a) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our 

history; or 

b) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past; or 

c) Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represent 

the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represent a significant and 

distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or 

d) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 

The cultural resource evaluation described herein will attempt to identify all recorded cultural resources 

within the project area and evaluate their potential eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of 

Historic Places. 

STATE REGULATIONS 

The state regulations include those established in the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (14 

CCR 15064.5 and PRC 21084.1). CEQA states that significant historical resources need to be addressed 

before environmental mitigation guidelines are developed and approved. A “significant historical resource” 

(including both a prehistoric and historic resource) is one that is found eligible for listing in the California 

Register of Historical Resources. As per Title 14, California Code of Regulations Section 15064.5, 

historical resources are those that are: 

• Listed in, or eligible for listing in, the California Register of Historic Resources (Public Resources 

Code 5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4850 et. seq.); 

• Listed in, or eligible for listing in, the National Register of Historic Places (CRHR); 

• Included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in an historical resource survey 

meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resource Code; or 

• Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency 

determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, 

economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California, 

provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the 

whole record. 

Additionally, historical resources and historic districts designated or listed as city or county landmarks or 

historic properties or districts pursuant to any city or county ordinance can also be listed in the California 

Register, if the criteria for listing under the ordinance have been determined by the Office of Historic 

Preservation to be consistent with California Register criteria adopted by the commission (pursuant to 

Section 5024.1(e) of the PRC). 

6



A resource may be listed as an historical resource in the California Register if it has integrity and meets 

any of the following four criteria: 

1) Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or 

regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; 

2) Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history; 

3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction or 

represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values; or 

4) Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the 

local area, California or the nation. 

CEQA (PRC 21083.2) also distinguishes between two classes of archaeological resources: 

archaeological sites that meet the definition of a historical resource as above, and “unique archaeological 

resources.” A “unique archaeological resource” has been defined in CEQA as an archaeological artifact, 

object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body 

of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria: 

1) Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a 

demonstratable public interest in that information, 

2) Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available 

example of its type, or 

3) Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or 

person. 

Buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts representative of California and United States history, 

architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture convey significance when they also possess integrity 

of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. A resource has integrity if it 

retains the characteristics that were present during the resource’s period of significance. Enough of these 

characteristics must remain to convey the reasons for its significance. 

The fact that a resource is not listed in, or determined to be eligible for listing in the CRHR, or included in 

a local register of historical resources (pursuant to Section 5020.1(k) of the PRC), or identified in an 

historical resources survey (meeting the criteria in Section 5024.1(g) of the PRC) does not preclude a 

lead agency from determining that the resource may be an historical resources as defined in PRC 

sections 5020.1(j) or 5024.1. 

RESULTS OF LITERATURE CHECK 

Prior to performing the fieldwork, the authors conducted a literature search to assess the archaeological 

sensitivity of the project area. The literature search was conducted using information on file at 

Archaeological Resource Service, the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) of the California Historical 

Resources Inventory Systems (CHRIS) office located in Rohnert Park, CA (File No. 09-0306 and 09- 

0321), and the California Department of Forestry (CDF) office in Santa Rosa, CA. This record search 

included checking ethnographic documents, historic maps, survey reports, site records and timber 

harvest plans pertaining to this area of Mendocino County. The Native American Heritage Commission’s 

list of Sacred Sites was also consulted as was the Historic Properties Directory. The Historic Property 

Directory incorporates properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, California Inventory of 

Historic Resources, State Historic Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest and many locally 

designated properties. 

SACRED SITES IN THE VICINITY AND NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION 

A check with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to determine if there are sites listed in 

the Sacred Lands File located within or near to the current project area was conducted on August 20, 

2009. The California NAHC works to identify, catalogue, and protect places of special religious or social 

significance, graves, and cemeteries of Native Americans per the authority given the Commission in 

Public Resources Code 5097.9. 

A search of the Sacred Lands File did not indicate the presence of a Native American cultural resource in 

the immediate project area, but they recommended contacting the local Native American 

individuals/organizations for further information (Sanchez 2009). On September 1, 2009 ARS sent letters 

7



to the local Native American individuals/organizations on the list provided by the NAHC to notify them of 

the project and to solicit information and comment in the event that there are cultural places in the vicinity 

of the project that could be affected. As of this date, there has been no response from any of the contact 

persons. If any are received in the future they will be forwarded to the applicant and appended to this 

report. 

The Army Corps of Engineers is independently conducting Native American consultation for this project to 

comply with required procedures set forth in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. 

ETHNOGRAPHIC SETTING 

According to ethnographic maps of this portion of Mendocino County the current project area is situated 

within the linguistic boundaries of the Central Pomo, one of seven distinct Pomo language groups. 

Central Pomo territory extended as far north as the Navarro River, almost to Ukiah; east to the half-way 

point between Hopland and Clear Lake; south to half-way between Yorkville and Cloverdale; southwest to 

Gualala; and west to the Pacific Ocean (Barrett 1908; McLendon and Oswalt 1978). It was suggested that 

early Pomo who lived on Clear Lake eventually migrated westward to settle the Russian River Valley, 

then spread north and south through the many smaller valleys; and from there the southern division split 

into three autonomous groups including the Kashaya Pomo, the Southern Pomo and Central Pomo 

(Oswalt 1964). Oswalt also postulated that the western expansion of the Pomo from Clear Lake displaced 

earlier Yukian speaking peoples who had occupied the area. 

Central Pomo territory encompassed two ecozones: the Coast-redwood and the valley-foothill. The coastredwood 

zone extends from the coastline to about 25 miles inland and the settlements throughout this 

area were determined by climate and resource distribution. There were “permanent villages at varying 

distances from the ocean and seasonal campsites located along the shoreline, near river and creek 

mouths, and in favored areas in the redwood forest” (Bean & Theodoratus 1978:289). Most permanent 

villages were inland, a few as far as 20 miles inland. Fish, shellfish, snails, seaweed, sea lions and salt 

were collected from the oceans; deer, elk and small mammals were hunted in the adjacent redwood 

forest; and fish and mussels were collected from the rivers and streams. Clover, minor’s lettuce and a 

variety of bulbs, berries, roots, tubers and seeds were also available, but acorns were the primary 

vegetable staple. 

Seasonal campsites in the coastal-redwood zone were located near salmon streams, seal rookeries and 

other high yielding resource areas. However, the majority of the Central Pomo population occupied the 

Russian River valley and Barrett reported numerous village sites located throughout that region. The 

occupants of the river valley relied mostly on acorns, but also collected a variety of seeds, berries, 

grasses, roots and bulbs. Deer, elk and a variety of small mammals were hunted in the forested regions 

by occupants of the coastal zone and the Russian River valley. 

The basic unit of Pomoan political organization was the tribelet. Tribelets consisted of one or more 

bilaterally related extended kin groups that ranged in size from 100 to 2,000 people; and a typical village 

may have contained 20 to 30 people, likely all from the same family. Each extended family had a 

headman or chief. Although each tribelet was a politically independent unit, they did occasionally 

confederate and larger villages served as nuclei for many smaller villages. 

Pomo structures took three forms: dwelling houses, temporary shelters, and semi subterranean houses. 

Single-family dwellings were conical shaped and were constructed of redwood bark slabs. They ranged 

from 8 to 15 feet in diameter, and from 6 to 8 feet in height, but are said to have held as many as 12 

people. Each house was surrounded by a brush fence and the enclosed area was used for drying acorns. 

Multifamily communal structures were circular, elliptical, or L-shaped, and were constructed of brush and 

grass, or tule. Assembly houses were semi subterranean structures, about 70 feet in diameter, and were 

used for dancing and ceremonies (Bean and Theodoratus 1978). 

There are two Central Pomo ethnographic sites in the vicinity of Fish Rock Road (Barrett 1908). Klétel 

was reported to be an old village site that was located east or in the vicinity of Squaw Rock. Klétel, from 

kale’, tree, and ite’l, to peel off, was located in the mountains between the Garcia River and the 

headwaters of the north fork of the Gualala River (Barrett 1908). This description places Klétel in the 

vicinity of Squaw Rock, and there are several recorded prehistoric sites in the Squaw Rock area, 

including those that appear to be seasonal campsites and one with well-developed midden soil and 

associated petroglyphs. 

8



The other ethnographic site reported by Barrett is Bati’ukalewi. This was a campsite reported as being 

located in the mountains about four miles due west of Yorkville. This places the site about a mile south of 

Ornbaun Valley which is the eastern extent of the project area (Barrett 1908). Fish Rock Road, being the 

only route to the coast between Mountain View Road and Skaggs Springs Road to the south may have 

been part of a prehistoric trail system. A possible prehistoric trail system along Signal Ridge is evident by 

the many seasonal campsites and isolated artifacts that have been found along Signal Ridge. 

FIGURE 4: PORTION OF BARRETT'S (1908) ETHNOGRAPHIC MAP SHOWING SOME CENTRAL POMO TERRITORY. 

Archaeologically, habitation sites are characterized by the presence of midden soil deposits (as a result of 

built-up decomposed organic matter), various kinds of chipped and ground stone implements and 

manufacturing debris, faunal and shellfish remains, human remains, fire-affected rock, and/or charcoal or 

ash from cooking fires; and depressions from former structures, often identifiable by a hard packed 

earthen floor containing stone and other cultural materials. Scatters of chipped stone tools and 

groundstone implements often mark campsites or short-term settlements areas. Chipped and ground 

stone implements found in isolated contexts are commonly encountered on Signal Ridge. These 

specimens may represent hunting losses, on-spot tool manufacture or repair or mark prehistoric trail 

systems. Other types of prehistoric activity areas include bedrock milling features (mortar depressions) or 

boulders of serpentine and other carvable metamorphic rocks such as schist that containing petroglyphs 

(rock art) in the forms of incised lines and cupule (small cup-like) depressions. 

9



HISTORIC SETTING 

California reached statehood in 1850 and in 1876 the Survey of Public Lands was extended across 

California. Prior to 1850 only the boundaries of the Spanish land grants had been surveyed and the 

Mendocino Coast remained mostly undeveloped, excepting Fort Ross, a Russian settlement located 

about 30 miles southwest of Fish Rock Road. 

The area of Fish Rock Road remained relatively undeveloped until the 1860s. The Homestead Act of 

1862 allowed American settlers to claim 160 acres of undeveloped land as long as they “improved” the 

land and filed an application and a deed of title. Many of the early settlers on Signal Ridge came to own 

land in this way, walking or riding horses up the ridge to find a suitable site to settle and build. The high 

altitude on the ridge top attracted some who wanted to grow chestnuts and wine grapes. Near the coast, 

towns like Gualala, Fish Rock, Signal Port, Iverson and Point Arena were established. Much of the 

industry was focused on lumber and a several lumber mills were built, including a large one at Point 

Arena and another in Gualala. Many chutes and landings were established along this stretch of coast as 

well, and it was said that in 1880 the Arena Township had more chutes in proportion to coastline than any 

other township along the coast. The chief export was lumber, posts, ties and tan-bark. 

A wagon road up Signal Ridge was eventually established by tan bark contractors and early settlers, 

many of whom were one in the same. Some of the early settlers of Signal Ridge included Antone 

Ciapusci, Mark Pedotti, the Soldanis, the Giannolis and the Zenis. Edwino Zeni came to Signal Ridge via 

Yorkville in 1892 and in 1894 he helped extend the wagon road to Point Arena. 

Early American settlement of the Anderson Valley area began in 1852 when two brothers, Henry and 

Isaac Beeson, and their stepbrother, William Anderson, settled in Anderson Valley. The Anderson’s built 

a log house at what is now Boonville, and they raised horses and hogs. Mrs. Anderson died in 1857 and 

Mr. Anderson sold his property to Joseph Rawles, another early settler of the valley. 

The first white settlers in Yorkville were Cleve and Susan Murray who came to California from Missouri 

with their six children, first settling in Marysville then moving to Yorkville in 1856. The family built a home 

near Rancheria Creek. About three years later, John Wesley McAbee settled on 700 acres across 

Rancheria Creek from the Murrays. Robert Stubblefield and his two daughters, Isaphene and Mary Ann, 

and their husbands, Patrick Adams and Richard York, arrived in 1856. The Yorks built a house about a 

mile from the Murray Ranch and the Adams built a house adjacent to the Murrays (Carpenter 1914; 

Hulbert 1984). 

Ornbaun Valley, located at the east end of the project area, was named for John Shipley Ornbaum, a 

native of Indiana who came to the county in 1854 and operated a large stock ranch along Rancheria 

Creek (Gudde 1998; Shultz 1981). He married Lucy Ann McGimpsey from Boonville and they had 15 

children. He became an Indian agent then Deputy Sheriff and he had a quicksilver mine in the nearby hills 

as well. Ornbaum established a mineral springs resort in Ornbaun Valley, improving one of 20 natural 

springs in the valley and building a hotel that could accommodate 50 people, as well as cottages and 

tents. The mineral water from the springs was effervescent, but was not bottled. The local Indians claimed 

the water was poisonous and would not go near it; but John Ornbaum insisted the water cured and kept 

him healthy and he reportedly drank a glass everyday (Orbaun in Levene et al. 1977). In 1906 the resort 

was advertised in the Chicago Clinic and Pure Water Journal as a thermal mineral water spring that cost 

7$ per week to visit. In October 1919, Ornbaum leased the report to Harry S. Wolverton of San Francisco 

and it remained open to the public. Kate and Ward Mailliard purchased the Ornbaun Ranch sometime 

after 1920. In the 1940s they conspired with UC Davis to bring Merino sheep to the valley and raised 

them for their fine wool. The Mailliards still own the ranch. John and Lucy Ann Ornbaun and about 40 

others are buried at the Ornbaun cemetery located in Ornbaun Valley near the historic ranch (Orbaun in 

Levene et al. 1977). 

10



FIGURE 5: ORNBAUN SPRINGS RESORT IN ORNBAUN VALLEY. 

PREVIOUS STUDIES AND RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES 

A search of base maps, reports and site records on file at Archaeological Resource Service and the 

NWIC show that 100% of the APE was previously surveyed for cultural resources in 2000 as part of a 

fiber optic cable installation project from Point Arena to Sacramento (Jones & Stokes 2000) and that 

smaller portions of the APE were part of four other cultural resource evaluations (Origer 1991; Gary 1996, 

Hamilton 1995, 1998; Neri 1998a, 1998b). 

There are six sites located within or adjacent to the APE (CA-Men-1919H, CA-Men-2019, CA-Men-2136, 

CA-Men-2880/H, P-23-004718, P-23-004719) two of which are isolated prehistoric artifacts, and two 

additional prehistoric artifacts have been reported. There are eight other sites located within 500 feet of 

the APE, two of which are isolated artifacts, and one additional artifact was reported. These eight sites 

are CA-Men-2135, CA-Men-2928, P-23-003396, P-23-004717, P-23-002779, P-23-002780 and isolated 

artifacts recorded as P-23-002590 and P-23-002591. Ornbaun Valley itself is listed as a historic resource 

in the Historic Property Data File (OHP 2009). The recorded cultural resources are further described 

below. 

Orbaun Valley is located at the east end of the APE and is listed in the Historic Property Data file for 

Mendocino County with a National Register Status code of 7W. This status code means that paperwork 

for a State Historic Landmark nomination of Orbaun Valley was submitted to the SHPO, but has since 

been withdrawn. There is currently no paperwork on file at the NWIC or the OHP for this property and it is 

not a State Historic Landmark. No information regarding the reasons for its prior nomination is available 

(Jordan personal communication 2009). 

CA-Men-1919H includes two recorded alignments of the former Signal Ridge Wagon Road. One recorded 

alignment (b) is located halfway between post mile markers 6.52 and 6.82 and heads northeast from Fish 

Rock Road. The second alignment (a) is about 400 feet south of Fish Rock Road between post mile 

markers 9.37 and 9.72. In both areas, old road cuts and rutted tree roots were observed (Berg 1983). 

Much of the hypothesized route of the Signal Ridge wagon trail follows Fish Rock Road. It was suggested 

that the roadway as a resource does not appear eligible for the National Register, but that it may have 

local significance (Berg 1983; Anker 1998). 

11



CA-Men-2019 (P-23-001791) is a prehistoric petroglyph site located along Fish Rock Road near squaw 

Rock and within the project APE. This is a significant site that consists of two schist rocks which display 

numerous incised lines and cupules that have been carved onto the surfaces (Foster and Purcell 1985). 

To prevent the site from being disturbed as part of the fiber optic cable installation project the cable 

alignment was routed to the east side of Fish Rock Road, opposite the site (Jones & Stokes 2000:59). 

There is no midden associated with the petroglyph rock along Fish Rock Road, but there is at CA-Men- 

2135, located 800 feet to the southeast of CA-Men-2019. CA-Men-2135 (P-23-001891) is a large 

habitation site with several artifacts and two schist boulders also covered in cupules and deeply incised 

lines (Foster, Gary et al. 1987). 

CA-Men-2136 is a Native American seasonal campsite located on the Zeni Ranch. The site is a seasonal 

campsite and yields artifacts from the Dry Creek Phase including mostly Franciscan and Monterey chert 

debitage, Mendocino concave-base and rattlesnake type projectile points, drills, scrapers, modified flakes 

and calcified bone. Very little ground stone was recovered. Radiocarbon analysis of a rock feature 

reveled a date around A.D. 450. This site was the subject of an archaeological investigation which was 

conducted and presented as a Master’s Thesis by Patricia Dunning of San Jose State University (1996). 

Dunning’s thesis sought to determine the arrival of abundant obsidian in this area of Mendocino County 

and if the site was occupied by the Pomo. Dunning observed that “the obsidian-to-chert and Monterey-to- 

Franciscan chert ratios and the various obsidian sources appear to change with time. The lower 

proportion of obsidian and Monterey chert and higher proportion of Konocti found in the temporally later 

components may indicate more circumscribed territories and restricted access to some toolstone sources 

later in time.” She goes on to suggest that the site appears to be on the distribution route for Konocti 

obsidian (Dunning 1996:171). 

CA-Mrn-2880/H (P-23-002473) is a multicomponent site located adjacent to Fish Rock Road on the east 

near post mile marker 14.70. The prehistoric component includes a scatter of Monterey chert flakes, one 

Franciscan chert flake, a quartz flake and a handstone. These artifacts were found in a historic fruit 

orchard, possibly from 1870 (DeGeorgey 2007c). 

P-23-004718 is a prehistoric artifact, a gray colored Franciscan chert flake, that was found about 50 feet 

west of Fish Rock Road in the vicinity of post mile marker 14.89 (DeGeorgey 2007d). 

P-23-004719 is a prehistoric biface fragment made of Borax Lake obsidian that was found about 100 feet 

off Fish Rock Road in the vicinity of post mile marker 14.50 (DeGeorgey 2007b). 

CA-Men-2135 (P-23-001891) is located about 700 feet southeast of the petroglyph site CA-Men-2019. 

CA-Men-2135 is a habitation site and two boulders with petroglyphs on them. The petroglyphs are similar 

to CA-Men-2019 in that rocks displays numerous incised lines, grooves and cupule depressions. When 

the site was recorded in 1987 a vague circular depression was noted, which may have represented a 

housepit. Artifacts observed at the site included chipped stone debris, projectile points and milling stones 

(Foster et al. 1987). 

CA-Men-2928 (P-23-002589) is located near post mile marker 13.57 and consists of a scatter of 

prehistoric artifacts located on the north side of Fish Rock Road. Artifacts consist of Monterey and 

Franciscan chert flakes and bifaces, including a Franciscan chert Excelsior foliate projectile point, Borax 

Lake and Konocti obsidian flakes, and polished and ground stone, including a blue schist milling slab. The 

site was interpreted as a small seasonal hunting camp that dates to the Dry Creek Phase (200 - 700 BP) 

and was Yukian or Pomoan. The site record sketch map shows the site boundary about 85 feet north of 

Fish Rock Road (DeGeorgey 2007a; Hamilton 1995a). 

P-23-003396 is a prehistoric site located about 780 feet southwest of post mile marker 16 and about 500 

feet south of Fish Rock Road. The site is a widely dispersed scatter of lithic and groundstone artifacts, 

such as Franciscan and Monterey chert flakes, Borax Lake and Konocti obsidian, sandstone metates 

fragments, battered cobbles (Neri 1998a). 

P-23-004717 is located about 615 feet southeast of mile post marker 14.89. The site is a sparse scatter of 

“mostly modern materials” including white stoneware ceramics, porcelain, a pig tooth, modern clear glass, 

a pull tab can, ceramic spark plug and redwood staves (DeGeorgey and Huetter 2007e). 

P-23-002780 is located on the south side of Fish Rock Road near its intersection with Iverson Road, at 

the west end of the project area. This site, consisting of a possible hand-dug well that has been backfilled 

12



and some stove parts, was reported by William Roop in 1983 and interpreted as remnants of a possible 

homesteader or woodcutter’s camp. P-23-002779, foundations of a bridge with several redwood logs set 

vertically in the soil and evidence of a road cut, was also identified nearby. 

Several other homesteads and have been found in the vicinity and a few have been inventoried with the 

state, CA-Men-2663H and P-23-002632; as well as a historic bridge foundation, P-23-002779; an old 

coral, P-23-004434; remnants of a picket fence, P-23-004651; and an old mill, P-23-004436. 

Additional prehistoric sites (CA-Men-2881, CA-Men-2882, P-23-004074, P-23-004075, P-23-004076 and 

P-23-004077) and prehistoric artifacts in isolated contexts (P-23-002592, P-23-004317, P-23-004435 and 

P-23-004652) have also been recorded in the vicinity. 

The following is a table of the previous cultural resource studies that have been conducted within and 

adjacent to the project area and the sites that were identified near the current APE. 

S-No. Date Title Author(s) Sites near APE 7.5’ Quad. 

S-5806 1983 

S-6285 1983 

S-13217 1990 

S-14059 1992 

S-14287 1992 

S-14426 1992 

S-14509 1992 

S-14843 1993 

S-15189 1993 

S-16604 1994 

S-17758 1996 

S-17942 1995 

S-18062 1996 

S-20668 1998 

S-20755 1998 

S-20831 1998 

S-20922 1998 

S-21524 1998 

S-22267 1999 

Minor Land Division, Intersection of Fish Rock 

Road and Iverson Road, Mendocino County, 

CA. 

Louisiana Pacific/McKee Exchange 

Archaeological Reconnaissance Report. 

An Archaeological Survey for the AT&T Fiber 

Optics Cable, San Francisco to Point Arena, 

California. 

Archaeological and Historical Resources 

Survey and Impact Assessment, MacGrade 

THP, Mendocino County, CA. 

Archaeological Review of the Y-Ranch THP, 

1-92-329 MEN, Mendocino County, CA 

Archaeological Review of the Yellow Dog 


Archaeological Review of the Big Cheese 


Archaeological Review of the Ciapusci THP, 

Mendocino County, CA. 

Archaeological Review of the Ciapusci 

Timber Harvest Plan, Mendocino County, CA. 

Archaeological Review of the Barns THP, 

Gualala Redwoods Inc., Mendocino County, 

CA. 

Archaeological Review of THP 1-95-554 MEN 

(Road House). 

Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Road 

House THP, Mendocino County, California. 

Archaeological and Historical Resources 

Survey and Impact Assessment, A 

Supplemental Report for a THP, Mailliard- 

Schleuter’s THP, 1-96-100 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA. 

Confidential Archaeological Addendum for 

Cheeseball THP, Mendocino County, CA. 

Archeological Review of 1-98TNMP-018 Men 

(Barr) (California Department of Forestry). 

Archaeological Review of 1-98NTMP-025 

MEN (Schreiner). 


Schreiner NTMP, Mendocino County, CA. 


Squawfish 1998 THP, Mendocino County, 

CA. 

Cultural Resources Assessment of Portions 

of the Proposed AT&T Dunnigan to 

Manchester Fiber Optic Cable Alignment, 

Lake, Napa, Mendocino and Yolo Counties. 

13 

Roop, William 

P-23-002779, - 

002780 

Berg, Francis CA-Men-1919H 

Gualala 

Gualala, 

McGuire Ridge 

Origer, Thomas Gualala 

Solinsky, William CA-Men-1919H Gualala 

Fischer, Neil CA-Men-2663H 

Zeni Ridge, 

McGuire Ridge 

McKenzie, Donald McGuire Ridge 

McKenzie, Donald CA-Men-1919H McGuire Ridge 



Magnuson, Richard Gualala 

Gary, Mark Prehistoric isolate 

Hamilton, Jeffery 

Howell, Michael 

and Timothy Motl 

Neri, Maximillian 

Gary, Mark 

CA-Men-2928, P-23- 

002590, -002591, - 

002592 

McGuire Ridge, 

Zeni Ridge 


Zeni Ridge 

P-23-002632 Orbaun Valley 

2 prehistoric isolates, 

1 unrecorded historic 

site 


Zeni Ridge 

Orbaun Valley 

Gary, Mark Gualala 

Town, Chris Gualala 


CA-Men-2019, CA- 

Men-2135, P-23- 

003396, 2 prehistoric 

& 1 historic artifact 

McGuire Ridge 

Peak & Associates Orbaun Valley

S-22536 2000 

S-22736 2000 

S-24629 2000 

S-24640 2000 

S-25705 2001 

S-25830 1999 

S-26488 2001 

S-27531 2000 

S-28561 1995 

S-29970 1996 

S-30640 2005 

S-32278 2004 

S-32625 1998 

S-32636 1998 

S-32709 1998 

S-32728 1998 

S-33134 2007 

S-33333 1998 

S-33351 1999 

S-33758 1996 

S-34487 2007 

S-34545 1996 



REVISED: Cultural Resources Assessment of 

Portions of the Proposed AT&T Dunnigan to 

Manchester Fiber Optic Cable Alignment, 

Lake, Napa, Mendocino and Yolo Counties. 

Final Cultural Resources Inventory Report for 

the Williams Communication, Inc. Fiber Optic 

Cable System Installation Project, Point 

Arena to Robbins and Point Arena to 

Sacramento, California. 

A Confidential Archaeological Addendum for 

Alden 2000 THP, 1-00-289 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA 


THP #1-00-263 Men (Payin’ the bills), 



S.F. Garcia/Fleming THP, 1-01-240 MEN, 



Wildwood Ranch THP, 1-99-341 MEN, 

Mendocino County, CA 


Doty Creek THP, 1-01-059 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA 


Mailliard Red Bridge THP, 1-00-470 MEN , 


Archaeological Survey of the Proposed 

Gianoli THP, Mendocino County, California. 

Archaeological Survey of the Proposed 

Fatboy THP, Mendocino County, California. 

An Archaeological Survey Report for the 

Camp THP, 1-04-260 MEN, Mendocino 

County, California 


Hollow Tree-Fish Rock THP, Mendocino 

County, California. 


Timber Operations for Signal Ridge THP, 1- 

98-122 MEN, Mendocino County, CA 


Cotton Mouth THP, 1-98-071 MEN, 



Squawfish 1998 THP, Mendocino County, CA 


Barr NTMP, 1-98NTMP-018 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA 

A Cultural Resources Investigation of the 

Hollow Tree Road Improvement Project 

Located in Mendocino County, California 


Alden 1999 THP, 1-99-175 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA 


Signal Ridge THP, 1-99-186 MEN, 


Confidential Archaeological Addendum for the 

Barns THP, 1-96-334 MEN, Mendocino 

County, CA 


Brush Pasture THP, Mendocino County. 

Master’s Thesis: On the Trail to the Coast, A 

View from CA-Men-2136: The Zeni Site. 

14 

Peak & Associates Orbaun Valley 

Jones & Stokes CA-Men-2019 



Richardson, 

Charles 

CA-Men-2663H 

Gualala, 


Zeni Ridge, 

Orbaun Valley 

Zeni Ridge, 

McGuire Ridge 

P-23-002780 Gualala 

Shively, Russ Gualala 

Mahoney, Darcie Gualala 

Powers, Mike and 

Becky Matson 



Hamilton, Jeffery 

Sharp, John and 

Jeffrey Hamilton 

CA-Men-2880/H, CA- 

Men-2881, CA-Men- 

2882 

CA-Men-2258, P-23- 

004074, -004075, - 

004076, -004077 

Gualala, 

McGuire Ridge 

Orbaun Valley 

McGuire Ridge 

Zeni Ridge, 

McGuire Ridge 

Hoveland, Patrick McGuire Ridge 

Gill, Linwood 

P-23-004434, P-23- 

004435, P-23-004436 

Zeni Ridge 

Anker, Brian CA-Men-1919H Gualala 

Ramaley, John McGuire Ridge 

Neri, Maximillian P-23-004317 



Ainis, Amira and 

Erik Whiteman 



Unrecorded 

Homestead 

Gualala, 


Eureka Hill, 

Zeni Ridge 

Orbaun Valley 

Zeni Ridge, 

Orbaun Valley 

Zeni Ridge, 

McGuire Ridge 

Haschak, Art Gualala 

Williams, John Gualala 

Huetter, Risa and 

Alex DeGeorgey 

P-23-004651, P-23- 

004652 

Orbaun Valley 

Dunning, Patricia CA-Men-2136 McGuire Ridge



FIELD SURVEY 

The field survey was conducted on September 25, 28, 29 and October 12, 2009, and included a half-day 

visit on December 15, 2010. The survey began with an inspection of each proposed treatment site 

identified in the County DIRT database which identifies each site by the problem type or location features. 

The problem types included berms with erosion issues (BERM), ditches with associated erosion problems 

(DITCH), ditch relief culverts (DRC), spoils sites where material and equipment will be temporarily stored 

(SPOILS SITE), stream crossings with or without existing culverts and erosion features (STR), and 

unstable road features (UNSTABLE). Each problem location and type was flagged and labeled in the field 

enabling the ARS field crew to easily locate and inspect each DIRT point along the appurtenant road 

sections. 

The surveyors visited, photographed and took a GPS reading at each treatment site using a Garmin 

76CSS. Each location was assessed for archaeological sensitivity, and special attention was given to the 

treatment sites located in areas where there was the potential for cultural resources to exist, or where 

cultural resources are known to exist in the vicinity. At these locations, a thorough inspection of the 

ground surface around the proposed work site was accomplished. 

Additionally, about 7.8 miles of incongruous roadway sections that will undergo reshaping and/or berm 

work to improve road drainage and reduce sediment, or where additional DIRT sites may be proposed, 

were inspected for sensitivity. Areas that appeared highly sensitive for prehistoric resources were subject 

to pedestrian inspection, where both sides of the roadway were physically surveyed to look for artifacts or 

other evidence of an archaeological site. The remaining segments were subject to a windshield survey, 

except for where a treatment site was proposed. 

There are several ranches located along Fish Rock Road, many of which contain buildings of significant 

age. Buildings located adjacent to a treatment site were inventoried, but since no buildings will be 

affected by this project an architectural evaluation of those buildings and inventories of the historic 

ranches along Fish Rock Road was not accomplished. 

SURVEY RESULTS 

A total of 171 treatment (DIRT) sites were inspected: 120 of them are negative for cultural resources and 

are located in areas that are not archaeologically sensitive. Cultural resources were found at 6 of the 

DIRT sites and the remaining 45 are located in archaeologically sensitive areas and further 

recommendations are provided for those. DIRT sites 50.7 and C220 were not physically inspected due to 

road maintenance that was occurring at the time of the survey, but both treatment sites are not located in 

areas that are archaeologically sensitive. 

Field inspection of the DIRT sites identified six cultural resources: including two barns greater than 45 

years of age, a Caltrans bridge built in 1960, remnants of a small private bridge and other structures, the 

previously recorded prehistoric petroglyph site CA-Men-2019 and one segment of the old Signal Ridge 

Wagon Road previously recorded as CA-Mrn-1919H. Additionally, within the road segments two areas 

with isolated prehistoric artifacts were found. 

Several sites recorded adjacent to Fish Rock Road were not re-located, including CA-Men-2136, CA- 

Men-2880/H (P-23-002473), P-23-004718, P-23-004719 and CA-Men-2928 (P-23-002589); but this was 

mostly because the survey was limited to the road right-of-way and the sites are recorded on private 

lands adjacent to the road right-of-way. 

The cultural resources located during the field survey are described as they occur from east to west along 

Fish Rock Road. 

ARS 09-037-01 

This site is a barn greater than 45 years of age located adjacent to DIRT site 103. The barn is one of 

several older outbuildings located on the ranch at 20111 Fish Rock Road. The house on the ranch that 

can be viewed from the roadway does not appear greater than 45 years of age, but are other structures 

that do appear older. The barn is the only structure on this ranch located near a treatment point. 

15



The barn is a side gabled barn with a 

slight broken roof line on the north 

side and has a newer roof made of 

sheets of corrugated metal. The 

sides are clad with vertically placed 

wood planks of various sizes and 

lengths. Most of the doors are made 

of planks as well, except gate doors 

at either end on the west side. The 

barn is located on a medium slope to 

the north and slightly cascades down 

the hill with a roof length twice as 

long on the downhill side from the 

apex uphill. There are hay doors on 

the loft level on both gable ends. 

There is not much distinctive 

character to the barn, but it looks old 

and weathered. Two window 

openings on the north side are 

partially covered with slats of wood 

and there is one hinged door on the 

east side at the north end, and a set 

FIGURE 6: BARN (ARS 09-037-01) SOUTHWEST OF DIRT SITE 103. 

of double barn doors on the west side in the center. Fenestration on the south side is unknown, as this 

side could not be viewed from the roadway. 

ARS 09-037-02 

Remnants of a small private bridge were observed at DIRT site 89. The bridge crossed over Mill Creek 

providing access to a residence that was located on the north side of the creek. The only remnants of the 

residence that could be seen from the south side of the creek were a cinder block fireplace that is 10 to 

12 feet tall and a somewhat neatly stacked pile of boards. On the south side of the creek, along Fish 

Rock Road were a few 1” by 8” wood beams and what appears to be a steel beam protruding about 18” 

from the top of the creek bank. On the north bank there are similar sized wood beams placed vertically in 

the soil at the top of the creek bank. These materials indicate the presence of a former bridge, but nothing 

else of it remains. The residence is depicted on the USGS Orbaun Valley 15’ map from 1960, and 

according to the USGS Orbaun 

Valley 7.5’ map from 1991 three 

outbuildings were added to the 

property between 1960 and 1991. 

Nothing could be seen of the other 

structures from Fish Rock Road. 

Bridge at Pardaloe Creek (Bridge 

No. 10C0145) 

The bridge over Pardaloe Creek at 

DIRT site number 69 was built in 

1960. On the Caltrans Structure 

Inventory and Appraisal Report it is 

described as 3 span RC slab with 

solid piers and closed end cantilever 

abutments on spread footings. It was 

also classified as not eligible for the 

National Register and not historically 

significant. 

ARS 09-037-03 

A barn greater than 45 years of age 

FIGURE 7: BARN LOCATED WEST OF SITE C224 (ARS 09-037-03). 

16



is located adjacent to site C224. It is one of several older structures on the ranch with the address 23751 

Fish Rock Road. The other structures could not be seen from the roadway due to vegetation and fencing. 

The barn is a small side gabled barn with a shed addition on the northeast side. The barn and shed 

addition are open on the northwest side. The southwest side and gable portion on the northwest side are 

clad with horizontally placed false beveled boards, with each plank consisting of two false beveled strips. 

The southeast side (rear) is clad with three inch wide (approximately) plain boards. There were two 

windows on the southeast side which are falling out of the frames. The roof was covered with wood 

shakes, but a high percentage of these are missing. The structure is currently used to store wood and 

does not appear to get repairs. The northwest side appears to be missing many of the external boards. 

Due to the opening on the northwest side it appears that this small barn was used for parking or storing 

equipment. 

CA-Men-2019 / 

(P-23-001791 

CA-Men-2019 is a previously recorded petroglyph site located about 55 feet north of DIRT site 37.01. The 

site consists of two chlorite schist rocks which display numerous incised line lines (100±) and cupules 

(17±) that have been carved onto the surface of the two rocks. 

The site was first inspected on September 29, 2009 and at that time it appeared that a few of the incised 

lines may have been created more recently. When the site was re-inspected on December 15, 2010 there 

were two additional incised lines that appeared recent, including one that formed the letter “A” located 

near the top of the larger of the two rocks. 

Also on December 15, 2010 the engineer, William Roop and Sally Evans discussed the most appropriate 

means of conducting earth-disturbing work in the immediate vicinity of the site so that it would not be 

disturbed; and what preventative measures would best help protect the resource from being impacted by 

general use of the roadway. 

FIGURE 8: CA-MEN-2019 PETROGLYPH. 

17



FIGURE 9: CA-MEN-2019 SHOWING INCISED LINES AND CUPULE DEPRESSIONS. 

CA-Men-2880/H (P-23-002473) 

This site is located on the east side of Fish Rock Road, just east of mile post marker 14.70 near the 

entrance to the Giannoli Ranch. The site consists of a historic apple orchard with a sparse scatter of 

prehistoric artifacts. No DIRT sites are currently proposed for this location, but it is near the north end of a 

road segment that may undergo reshaping and/or berm work, or where additional DIRT sites could be 

proposed, if needed. The road right-of-way in this location was subject to a pedestrian survey, but no 

evidence of the site was observed. The site appears confined to the Gianoli Ranch. 

P-23-004719 

This site marks the location where a single biface fragment made from Borax Lake obsidian was found, 

near mile post marker 14.50. No DIRT sites are proposed for the area where the isolated artifacts was 

found, however it is within a road segment that may undergo reshaping and/or berm work, or where 

additional DIRT sites could be proposed, if needed. The road right-of-way in this location was subject to a 

pedestrian survey, but no artifacts were observed. 

CA-Men-2928 (P-23-002589) 

Treatment sites C190 and C191 were thoroughly inspected for evidence of CA-Men-2928 (P-23-002589), 

which is recorded about 100 feet north of Fish Rock Road at DIRT site 190. The site is recorded as 

remnants of a Native American seasonal hunting camp. The ground surface on either side of the road at 

both locations was inspected and the ground visibility at both sites was poor, but no artifacts were 

observed. 

18



CA-Men-1919H 

Segment B of CA-Men-1919H, a disjunct portion of the Signal Ridge Wagon Road, is recorded as being 

located on the north side of Fish Rock road at DIRT site 32.6, which was inspected on December 17, 

2010. The segment of roadbed was observed heading 20º east off the north side of Fish Rock Road. It is 

about 8’ wide and 200’ long and heads in a northeast direction. The surveyors physically inspected the 

wagon trail segment and assessed its location in relation to proposed improvement area. It was 

determined that the resource would not be impacted by the removal of brush and soil, which is proposed 

for this location. 

Segment A of the wagon trail is located about 380 feet south of Fish Rock Road between DIRT sites 35 

and C181. This segment was not observed, but will not be affected by proposed activities. 

Isolated Artifacts 

Two areas of isolated prehistoric artifacts were 

observed along segments of roadway that may 

undergo reshaping and/or berm work, and one is 

also near a DIRT site. 

Three prehistoric artifacts were found along the south 

side of Fish Rock Road, just southwest of DIRT site 

36.8. The artifacts include a fragment of sandstone 

that displayed areas of battering and grinding and 

two cobbles of a harder, quartzite material that 

displayed battering, and the rounder one is possibly 

polished. 

There is a prehistoric site (P-23-003396) consisting 

of a widely dispersed scatter of lithic and 

groundstone artifacts located about 530 feet south of 

DIRT site 36.8. The battered and ground stone 

artifacts found during the survey could be associated 

with that site. 

One, possibly two, other prehistoric artifacts were 

found along Fish Rock Road between DIRT sites 

C187 and 35.5 and within a road segment that may 

19 

FIGURE 10: ISOLATED ARTIFACTS FOUND NEAR DIRT 

SITE 36.8. 

undergo reshaping and/or berm work or where additional sites could be proposed. The two artifacts in this 

location include a rounded piece of Mt. Konocti obsidian retaining cortex over about 40% of the surface, 

and a small rim fragment of an abalone shell. The area where the artifacts were found was thoroughly 

inspected, and while the ground visibility was very 

good, no additional artifacts were found. The pre-field 

research indicated that isolated prehistoric artifacts 

are somewhat common on Signal Ridge and there 

are a few prehistoric sites within 1.5-miles of this 

location. 

Stone Headwalls 

Although not identified as cultural resources, stone 

and concrete headwalls were observed at treatment 

sites C226, 50, 50.2, 50.3, 50.5, 84, 87, 94 and 99. 

According to the County of Mendocino DOT, these 

headwalls are the result of the Comprehensive 

Employee Training Act (CETA) and were constructed 

in 1976. They are not considered cultural resources 

due to their recent age. Figure 8 is the one located at 

treatment site 99 and represents one of the larger 

and better examples. 

FIGURE 11: STONE-LINED HEADWALL AT SITE 99.



CONCLUSIONS 

The pre-field research indicated that there are seven sites recorded adjacent to Fish Rock Road, 

including a prehistoric petroglyph site (CA-Men-2019), a historic apple orchard with scattered prehistoric 

artifacts (CA-Men-2880/H), two seasonal camps or hunting sites (CA-Men-2136 and CA-Men-2928), two 

isolated prehistoric artifacts (P-23-004718 and P-23-004719) and segments of an old wagon road (CA- 

Men-1919H). Of those, only CA-Men-2019 and CA-Men-1919H were observed during the field inspection. 

The field inspection resulted in the recordation of two barns greater than 45 years of age (ARS 09-037-01 

and ARS 09-037-03), and the remnants of a small private bridge (ARS 09-037-02). Also, two locations 

having isolated prehistoric artifacts were observed, but were not recorded. 

The field survey included a physical inspection of the individual DIRT sites that are proposed. Also, 

segments of the road that may undergo reshaping and/or berm work, or where additional DIRT sites 

could be proposed were assessed for their archaeological sensitivity. The archaeological sensitivity maps 

are provided in Appendix A. Further recommendations are provided for DIRT sites where proposed 

activities could impact a cultural resource and for those stretches of roadway that are in archaeologically 

sensitive areas. 

In general, it was concluded that areas with a steep side hill terrain are not archaeologically sensitive 

because there is little potential to encounter historic or prehistoric resources in that type of topography. 

Earth-disturbing activities in those type locations are not likely to encounter cultural resources and work 

can proceed with no further recommendations. Stream crossings in valleys, creek terraces and ridge tops 

saddles are topographic features that tend to be archaeologically sensitive. Earth-disturbing activities in 

those type areas have the potential to encounter cultural resources. 

Excavation work in areas that were not physically surveyed and deemed not archaeologically sensitive 

has minimal potential to affect cultural resources. However, excavation work along segments that were 

deemed archaeologically sensitive could encounter cultural resources in native soil. If native soil is not 

disturbed there is little chance that significant impacts to a site will occur. If excavation of native 

previously undisturbed soil is planned then there is the potential to affect cultural resources. Further 

recommendations are provided below for proposed excavation of native undisturbed soil that occurs in 

archaeologically sensitive areas. 

ARS 09-037-01 

The barn was inventoried on a DPR 523 Primary form to record its presence and location. It is part of a 

complex of older structures, most of which could not be viewed from Fish Rock Road. The barn itself does 

not appear to be a significant historic resource, but it was not assessed for historic significance as a 

contributor to a group of related historic structures. 

The barn will not be affected by proposed activities at DIRT sites 102, 102-B or 103 and no further 

recommendations are warranted at this time. The General Recommendations provided below should be 

followed if historic artifacts are found during excavation at the above named DIRT sites. 

ARS 09-037-02 

The bridge and fireplace do not appear to represent a significant cultural resource. A resource has 

significance when it retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and 

association, and meets at least one of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) criteria. While the 

whole resource could not be inspected, integrity of design, materials, workmanship, feeling and 

association appear to have been compromised and it seems that the resource no longer has the ability to 

convey significance. 

The bridge remnants are adjacent to DIRT site 89 will be removed or otherwise affected by project 

activities. This is not considered a potentially significant historic resource and there are no further 

recommendations warranted. The site was inventoried on a DPR 523 Primary form to record its presence 

and location, but no further consideration is warranted. 

Bridge at Pardaloe Creek 

This is Caltrans bridge number 10C0145. The Caltrans Structure Inventory and Appraisal Report noted 

the historic significance of the Bridge as “not eligible” for the National Register of Historic Places. The 

20



bridge is not considered a potentially eligible cultural resource. It is located adjacent to DIRT site 69, but 

will not be affected by any treatment there. No further recommendations are warranted. 

ARS 09-037-03 

The barn is part of a complex of older structures located behind the fenced property at 23751 Fish Rock 

Road. The barn itself does not appear to be a significant historic resource, as it is in serious disrepair; but 

it was not assessed for its contribution to the group of related structures at this address. The other older 

structures at this address could not be viewed from the roadway. 

The barn will not be affected by maintenance of the culvert at DIRT site C224. It was inventoried on a 

DPR 523 Primary form to record its presence and location, but no further consideration is warranted for it. 

CA-Men-2019 (P-23-001791) 

This petroglyph site is a potentially eligible cultural resource. It has not been evaluated for its eligibility for 

listing on the National Register of Historic Places, but it appears eligible for listing. It retains integrity and 

has the potential to yield important information about prehistory (NRHP, Criterion D). It could also qualify 

under Criterion C, in that it embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of 

construction, or represent the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represent a 

significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. It may also 

continue to be used in a traditional way by local Native Americans and may have significant value to the 

Native American community. 

The site is located near DIRT site 37.01. Proposed treatment at this location includes road out sloping to 

decommission the existing ditch relief point so that intrusive road maintenance will not be necessary at 

this location. This activity will avoid impacts to the archaeological site. However earth-disturbing activities 

in the immediate vicinity of the rocks may uncover additional resources and further recommendations are 

warranted. Also, further recommendations have been to help prevent the site from being damaged by 

general use of the roadway. 

CA-Men-2880/H (P-23-002473) 

This site consists of an old apple orchard with prehistoric lithics scattered throughout. The site was not relocated 

during the field survey, as it is located on a private property. The right-of-way in the vicinity of the 

archaeological site was inspected for additional lithic artifacts, but none were found. 

No DIRT sites are proposed for this area, but the proposed work will encompass removal of outside 

berms and cleaning out ditch relief points. This is an archaeologically sensitive area and further 

recommendations are warranted for future work that could be proposed near this location. Further 

recommendations are provided below. 

CA-Men-2928 (P-23-002589) 

This site was not re-located during the field survey, as it is located on a private property. The right-of-way 

at DIRT site C190 was inspected for signs of CA-Men-2928, which is recorded as coming within 100 feet 

to the north, but none were found. While the site was not observed in the field, based on the site records 

it appears to be a potentially significant archaeological site that has the ability to convey information that 

is important in prehistory (NRHP, Criterion D). 

Proposed treatment at DIRT site C190 is to remove the outside berm to the degree that is feasible and 

maintaining existing drainage facilities. It does not appear that the archaeological site will be affected by 

this activity, but it is close enough to the activity area to warrant further recommendations, which are 

provided below. 

CA-Men-1919H 

Segment B of the Signal Ridge wagon trail was re-located at DIRT site 32.5 that was inspected on 

December 1, 2010. Proposed work at this location includes ditch relief. In the field, the engineer was 

shown the path of the old wagon road and it was planned that no earth-disturbing activities would 

encroach onto it. Nevertheless, the site record states that the resource is not eligible for the National 

Register of Historic Places, but may have local significance. However, it will not be affected and no further 

recommendations are warranted. 

21



Isolated Artifacts 

In two areas isolated prehistoric artifacts were observed. At one of these areas, about 100 feet west of 

DIRT site 36.8, three battered and ground stone artifacts were found. The previously recorded 

archaeological site P-23-003396, which is a widely dispersed scatter of lithic and groundstone items, is 

located about 650 feet to the south-southwest of this location. The three artifacts were not recorded, as 

they do not appear to mark a discrete archaeological site and are likely related to the nearby site P-23- 

003396. Further recommendations are provided for work in this area. 

At another location, one angular piece of Konocti obsidian and a small rim fragment from an abalone shell 

were observed. Both items were found in a graveled area where an abandoned logging road has been 

blocked with a log and small berm. There was a large cleared area to the west of where the artifacts were 

found, which was physically inspected but no additional artifacts were located. The two artifacts were not 

recorded, and they do not appear to mark a discrete archaeological site. The activities proposed for the 

stretch of roadway where these isolated artifacts were found includes frequent breaching of the outside 

berms, road reshaping and surfacing, and the possible installation of a culvert. Further recommendations 

are warranted due to the archaeological sensitivity of this location. 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

Further recommendations are warranted for this project. Specific recommendations for an archaeological 

monitor are warranted for earth-disturbing activities at DIRT sites 37.01, C190, 36.8 due to the presence 

of prehistoric resources. 

Road segments that were not physically inspected but that may undergo reshaping and/or berm work, or 

where additional DIRT sites could be proposed were judged for their archaeological sensitivity 1 . In 

general, it was determined that areas with a steep side hill terrain are not archaeologically sensitive, while 

stream crossings in valleys, creek terraces and ridge tops saddles are archaeological sensitive. 

Archaeologically Sensitive Segments 

Excavation that occurs within road segments deemed archaeologically sensitive may have the potential to 

encounter potentially significant cultural resources. Earth-disturbing activities that are limited to the 

immediate road right-of-way and conducted within previously disturbed soil have minimal potential to 

cause any adverse effects to potentially significant cultural resources and those type activities can occur 

without further inspection or monitoring by an archaeologist. 

For earth-disturbing activities that occur beyond the immediate road right-of-way or within previously 

undisturbed soil it is recommended that an archaeologist be retained to inspect the work location to 

determine if important cultural resources will be impacted. If any potentially significant cultural resources 

are identified further recordation, evaluation and/or archaeological monitoring may be warranted. 

Several of the DIRT sites located along archaeologically sensitive segments were inspected and no 

cultural resources were found. At those DIRT sites the General Recommendations provided below should 

be followed. Specific recommendations are provided below for those DIRT sites where potentially 

significant cultural resources have the potential to be affected. 

Non-Archaeologically Sensitive Segments 

Excavation activities in areas deemed as not archaeologically sensitive have little chance to encounter 

potentially significant cultural resources, and no specific recommendations for those segments are 

warranted at this time. General Recommendations have been provided below and should be followed if 

any cultural resources are encountered during excavation and when an archaeologist is not present. 

Treatment (DIRT) Site 37.01 

A potentially significant Native American petroglyph site (CA-Men-2019) is located adjacent to this DIRT 

site. Based on the activities proposed for this location, which includes out sloping of the roadway to 

decommission the existing ditch relief point, the site will not be impacted. However, it is recommended 

that an archaeological monitor be present during earth-disturbing activities associated with that activity 

and any other earth-disturbing activities that occur within 50 feet of the site. 

1 

The archaeological sensitivity of the remaining appurtenant road segments should be judged by the results of the DIRT sites that 

lie within those sections which were physically inspected for cultural resources. 

22



It is also recommended that five to six large boulder sized rocks be placed along the east side of the site 

(between the rocks and the roadway) to act as a physical barrier which will help prevent damage by 

general use of the roadway. If the rocks can be placed directly onto the existing surface then there is no 

need for an archaeologist to be present; however, if any earth-moving is required to set the rocks in place 

then an archaeologist should be present. 

Treatment (DIRT) Site C190 

Due to the presence of a potentially significant prehistoric site (CA-Men-2829) about 100 feet from this 

treatment point, it is recommended that an archaeological monitor be present during some of the activities 

that are propose for this location. 

Proposed work includes cleaning the inlet and defining the outlet trench for better drainage and this 

activity is not seen as having the potential to cause adverse impacts. However archaeological monitoring 

is recommended for ditch day-lighting and berm removal activities within that area, as well as any 

excavation within undisturbed portions of the road prism. 

Treatment (DIRT) Site 36.8 

Proposed work in this location includes removal of the outside berm and rock surfacing. About 100 feet 

east work includes out sloping and ditch relief work. Due to the discovery of isolated prehistoric artifacts it 

is recommended that an archaeological monitor be present some of the activities. 

Earth-disturbing activities that are limited to the immediate road right-of-way and conducted within 

previously disturbed soil have minimal potential to cause any adverse effects to potentially significant 

cultural resources and those type activities can occur without further inspection or monitoring by an 

archaeologist. Excavation into previously undisturbed soil should be monitored by an archaeologist. 

From Mile Marker 17 to 14.25 

The stretch of roadway is highly sensitive for having the potential to contain prehistoric resources. DIRT 

sites 37.01 and 36.8 occur along this stretch and archaeological monitoring is recommended at those 

points due to the presence of a petroglyph site and isolated prehistoric artifacts. 

This section contains three segments that may undergo reshaping, ditch relief and berm removal. 

Excepting the areas where monitoring has been specifically recommended and at the entrance to the 

Gianoli Ranch where CA-Men-2880/H is located, there is a low potential to encounter other potentially 

significant cultural resources as long as earth-disturbing activities are minor and limited to the immediate 

road right-of-way, and in disturbed cut and fill portions of the road prism. However, if earth-disturbing 

activities are planned beyond the road right-of-way or within undisturbed soil it is recommended that the 

proposed work site be inspected by an archaeologist prior to excavation. 

The area near the entrance to the Gianoli Ranch has a high level of archaeological sensitivity. It is 

recommended that an archaeologist be present for activities such as ditch day-lighting, berm removal, 

turnout maintenance that includes excavation in undisturbed soil, and excavation within undisturbed 

portions the road prism. 

From Mile Marker 13.65 to 12.25 

This road segment is highly sensitive for having prehistoric resources; however, the quarter-mile stretch 

between mile post marker 12.75 and 12.50 is only sensitive on the southwest side. There is prehistoric 

site (CA-Men-2928) recorded near mile post marker 13.57 and archaeological monitoring was 

recommended at DIRT site C190 due to the presence of that site. Isolated artifacts were also found at the 

west end of this appurtenant road segment. 

This entire stretch may undergo reshaping or berm removal and additional DIRT sites could be proposed. 

There is a low potential to encounter other potentially significant cultural resources as long as earthdisturbing 

activities are minor and limited to the immediate road right-of-way, and in disturbed cut and fill 

portions of the road prism. However, if earth-disturbing activities are planned beyond the road right-ofway 

or within undisturbed soil it is recommended that the proposed work site be inspected by an 

archaeologist prior to excavation. 

23



From MP Marker 9.20 to 8.15 

This stretch of roadway is sensitive for having prehistoric resources and one isolated prehistoric artifact 

(P-23-004317) has been reported in the vicinity. The stretch of roadway from mile post marker 8.75 to 

8.50 is sensitive on the north side of the road only. 

This stretch of roadway may undergo reshaping and berm removal or additional DIRT sites could be 

proposed. In this area, there is a low potential to encounter resources within the immediate road right-ofway. 

As long as earth-disturbing activities are limited to the right-of-way and not within previously 

undisturbed soil, no further recommendations are warranted at this time. However, if earth-disturbing 

activities are proposed beyond the road right-of-way, it is recommended that it is inspected by an 

archaeologist prior to excavation to determine if there are cultural resources present. 

From Mile Marker 5.0 to West End of Project Area 

This stretch of roadway is sensitive for having prehistoric resources and the far west end, near mile post 

marker 3.13, is sensitive for historic resources due to the presence of a historic feature (P-23-002780) on 

the property to the south of the road. The historic site will not be affected and there is a low potential to 

encounter prehistoric or historic resources within the road right-of-way. If earth-disturbing activities are 

limited to the right-of-way and not within previously undisturbed soil, no further recommendations are 

warranted. However, if earth-disturbing activities are proposed beyond the road right-of-way, it is 

recommended that it be inspected by an archaeologist prior to excavation to determine if there are 

cultural resources present. 

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 

In the unlikely event that any artifacts or cultural soil deposits are discovered during earth-disturbing 

activities associated with this project and there is not an archaeologist present, Archaeological Resource 

Service recommends that all work in the vicinity of the find be stopped until the discovery area can be 

evaluated by an archaeologist. Depending on the extent and cultural composition of the discovered 

materials, it may be advisable to have subsequent excavation monitored by an archaeologist who should 

be ready to record, recover, and/or protect significant cultural materials from further damage. 

Native American artifacts typically found in the area include chipped stone tools and debitage (chert, 

basalt, obsidian flakes), ground stone tools of sandstone and quartzite, and fire-affected rock. Midden 

deposits typically mark habitation spots and are recognizable by the characteristic dark colored soil, with 

traces of animal bone and charcoal intermixed. Most of the hunting camps in this area do not have a 

midden soil component. Historic artifacts potentially include all byproducts of human land use greater 

than 50 years of age. 

Although very unlikely, the discovery of human skeletal remains anywhere within a project area requires 

that work be immediately discontinued in the vicinity of the discovery while the county coroner is 

contacted. If the skeletal remains are found to be prehistoric, Native American and not modern, then the 

coroner must call the Native American Heritage Commission in Sacramento, which will designate the 

"Most Likely Descendant" of the remains. The Most Likely Descendant will be responsible for 

recommending the disposition and treatment of the remains. Although the likelihood of encountering 

human skeletal remains in the project area is very slight, it is important to have a procedure for alternate 

tasks that can be put into effect quickly in the event that human remains are discovered. This allows 

construction work to continue while the remains are investigated. 

24



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26




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27

APPENDIX A: 

Cultural Resource Sensitivity Maps [confidential, not for general distribution) 

Table of treatment (DIRT) sites with results of surface inspection

ARS 09-037 Fish Rock Road 

12/21/2010 

DIRT Site Mile Post Work Type Cultural Resources Archaeologically Sensitive 

C156 3.13 DRC No Yes 




C160 DRC No Yes 




C164 DRC No No 


C166 5.28 DRC No No 

C167 DRC NA NA 



C170 5.60 DRC NA NA 





C176 6.82 No No 


C178 7.72 NA NA 

C179 8 DRC left of here No No 



C184 10.00 DRC No No 


C186 11.48 DRC No No 

C188 12.15 DRC NA NA 






C195 14.00 DRC NA NA 

C198 15.18 DRC NA NA 

C209.5 DRC NA NA 

C220 19.13 DRC NC No 

C224 21.00 DRC Yes Yes 

C226 21.30 DRC No No 

C228 21.66 DRC No No 

C231 22.82 DRC No No 


C233 24.90 DRC No No 

C234 25.04 DRC No No 


C236 25.48 DRC No No 

C237 25.70 DRC No No 




30.01 DITCH No No 

STR NA NA 

32 STR NA NA 

32.01 DRC NA NA 

33 SPOILS SITE No No 

NA NA 

1


12/21/2010 


35.5 DRC No Yes 

36.1 15.00 DRC NA NA 

36.2 15.13 DRC NA NA 

36.3 15.32 DRC NA NA 


36.5 DITCH No Yes 

36.8 16.00 DITCH Yes Yes 

37.1 16.56 DRC No No 



38 STR NA NA 

38.5 STR NA NA 


39 STR NA NA 


39.4 DITCH NA NA 

39.6 DITCH NA NA 


40 DRC NA NA 

41 DRC NA NA 

42 DRC NA NA 

43 DRC NA NA 

44 STR NA NA 


45 DRC NA NA 


46 DRC NA NA 


47 STR NA NA 


47.1 UNSTABLE NA NA 











48.2 20.00 DITCH No No 

49.1 20.62 STR No No 

50.2 20.89 DRC No No 

50.5 DRC No No 

50.6 21.79 DRC No No 

50.7 DRC NC No 

NA NA 

34 new or C184 or 35 or 36 No No 

35 9.72 DRC No No 

36.6 15.54 DITCH No Yes 

36.7 15.75 DRC No Yes 

36.9 DITCH No Yes 

37.01 DITCH Yes Yes 



49.01 UNSTABLE No No 

50 DRC No No 

2


12/21/2010 




50.3 DRC No No 

50.4 SPOILS SITE No No 

51.01 STR No No 

52 DRC No No 


54 STR No No 

55 DITCH No No 

56 STR No No 

57 22.23 DRC No No 

58 STR No No 

59 STR No No 

60 22.33 DRC No No 

61 22.39 STR No No 

62 STR No No 


62.1 22.52 DRC No No 

63 22.65 DRC No No 

64 STR No No 

65 STR No No 

66 23.00 STR No No 

67 23.05 STR No No 

68 23.16 DRC No No 

69 BRIDGE Yes No 

70 23.49 STR No No 

71 23.69 STR No No 


73 STR No No 

74 23.82 DRC No No 

75 23.92 STR No No 

76 23.92 STR No No 

77 23.92 STR No No 

78 STR No No 

79 DRC No No 

80 DRC No No 

81 DRC No No 

82 24.00 STR No No 

83 DRC No No 

84 STR No No 

85 STR No No 

86 24.36 STR No No 

87 DRC No No 

88 STR No Yes 

89 STR Yes Yes 

90 24.57 STR No No 

91 STR No No 

92 24.82 STR No No 

93 STR No No 

94 STR No No 

95 STR No No 

96 25.36 STR No No 

97 STR No No 

98 STR No No 

99 STR No No 

100 STR No No 

101 25.70 STR No No 

102 25.83 STR No Yes 

3


12/21/2010 


103 STR Yes Yes 

104 25.97 STR No Yes 

105 STR No Yes 

106 26.32 STR No Yes 


108 26.45 STR No Yes 



111 26.78 STR No Yes 

112 26.87 STR No Yes 

113 SPRING No Yes 

114 27.12 STR No Yes 

114-A DRC No No 

105-A DRC No Yes 

101-A BERM No No 

102-B BERM No Yes 

101-B BERM No No 

C236-A OSFF No No 

C236-B OSFF No No 

89-A DRC No Yes 

70.1 OSFF No No 


70-B DRC No No 

69-B DRC No No 

69-C DRC No No 


none UNSTABLE No No 

62-A BERM No No 

51 22.02 STR No No 


50.5-A 21.42 DRC No No 

50.3-A DRC No No 


48.2-A BERM No No 

48.2-B DRC No No 



48.1-C DRC No No 



36.8-A DRC No Yes 

36.5-A DRC No Yes 


36 DRC No No 

NONE BERM No Yes 

NONE DRC other No Yes 

C185.5 DRC No No 



39.4-A ROAD NA NA 

90-A DRC? No No 

36.6-A DITCH? No No 

32.5 Yes No 

4

APPENDIX B: 

Department of Parks and Recreation 523 Forms 


ARS 09-037-02: remnants of private bridge and structure 

ARS 09-037-03: building >45 years of age

ARS version of 

State of California - The Resources Agency 

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION 

PRIMARY RECORD 

Page: 1 of 2 

P1. Other Identifier: 

P2. Location: 

a. County: Mendocino 

Not for Publication Unrestricted 

b. USGS Quad: Ornbaun Valley 

7.5' 

Date 1991 

c. Address: 20111 Fish Rock Road 

City: Yorkville Zip: 95494 

d. UTM: Zone: 10 , 472540 mE / 4305980 mN 

e. Other Locational Data: APN 

Land Grant: un 

Supplemental: 

Other Listings: 

Primary #: 

HRI #: 

Trinomial: 

NRHP Status Code: 

P-23-00 

Review Code: Reviewer: Date: 

and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) 

T 12N R 13W sw 1/4 of nw 1/4 of Section: 9 

P3. Description: This barn is one of several older outbuildings located on this ranch, at 20111 Fish Rock Road. The house on the ranch that can 

be viewed from the roadway does not appear greater than 45 years of age, but there could be an additional residence and other 

buildings that could not be seen from the road. (The survey was limited to the road right-of-way). 

This is a side gabled barn with a slight broken roof line on the north side and has a newer roof made of sheets of corrugated 

metal. The sides are clad with vertically placed wood planks of various sizes and lengths. Most of the doors are made of planks 

as well, except gate doors at either end on the west side. The barn is located on a medium slope to the north and slightly 

cascades down the hill with a roof length twice as long on the downhill side from the apex uphill. There are hay doors on the loft 

level on both gable ends. There is not much distinctive character to the barn, but it looks old and weathered. Two window 

openings on the north side are partially covered with slats of wood and there is one hinged door on the east side at the north end, 

and a set of double barn doors on the west side in the center. Fenestration on the south side is unknown, as this side could not 

be viewed from the roadway. 

P3b. Resource Attributes - Historic: AH15. Standing Structures 

P3c. Resource Attributes - Prehistoric: 

P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc) 

P5. Photograph or Drawing: 

P5b. Description of Photo: 

East side 

P6. Date Constructed/Age: 

Historic 

P7. Owner and Address: 

20111 Fish Rock Road 

Yorkville, CA 95494 

P8. Recorded by: 




P9. Date Recorded: 

19-Oct-09 

P10. Type of Survey: 

Reconnaissance 

Describe Survey: 

Mixed reconnaissance and windshield 

survey 

P11. Report Citation: Evans, Sally and William Roop (2009): A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Fish Rock Road Sediment Reduction Project, 

Mendocino County, California. ARS 09-037. 

Attachments: None Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record 

Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Stone Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record 

Photograph Record Isolate Record Other: 

Resource Name or #: ARS 09-037-01 

Mt. Diablo B.M.




LOCATION MAP 

Primary #: P-23-00 

HRI #: 

Trinomial: 



Map Name: USGS 7.5' Orbaun Valley quadrangle map Scale: 1:24000 Map Date: 1991







P2. Location: 




7.5' 

Date 1991 


City: Yorkville, CA Zip: 95494 

d. UTM: Zone: 10 , 470470 mE / 4306040 mN 

e. Other Locational Data: 

Land Grant: 

Supplemental: 


Primary #: 

HRI #: 

Trinomial: 


P-23-00 



T 12N R 13W se 1/4 of ne 1/4 of Section: 7 

P3. Description: This site marks remnants of a small private bridge and structure. The bridge crossed over Mill Creek providing access to the 

residence that was located on the north side of the creek. The only remnants of the residence that could be seen from Fish Rock 

Road on the south side of the creek were a cinder block fireplace that is 10 to 12 feet tall and a somewhat neatly stacked pile of 

boards. On the south side of the creek, along Fish Rock Road were a few 1' by 8' wood beams and what appears to be a steel 

beam protruding about 18" from the top of the creek bank. On the north bank there are similar sized wood beams placed 

vertically into soil at the top of the creek bank. These materials indicate the presence of a former bridge, but nothing else of it 

remains. The residence is depicted on the USGS Orbaun Valley 15’ map from 1960, and according to the USGS Orbaun Valley 

7.5’ map from 1991 three outbuildings were added to the property between 1960 and 1991. Nothing could be seen of the other 

structures from Fish Rock Road. The survey was limited to the road right-of-way. 

P3b. Resource Attributes - Historic: 


AH2. Foundations/structure pads 




Left: south bank bridge remnants. 

Right: structure remnants. 


Historic 






122 Ameican Alley, Suite A 



19-Oct-09 




Mixed reconnaissance and windshield 

survey 







Mt. Diablo B.M.




LOCATION MAP 


HRI #: 

Trinomial: 








Page: 1 opf 2 


P2. Location: 




7.5' 

Date 1991 


City: Yorkville Zip: 95494 

d. UTM: Zone: 10 , 467900 mE / 4304340 mN 

e. Other Locational Data: North sid e of road 

Land Grant: 

Supplemental: 


Primary #: 

HRI #: 

Trinomial: 


P-23-00 



T 14W R 12N se 1/4 of ne 1/4 of Section: 13 

P3. Description: This site is a barn greater than 45 years of age. It is one of several older structures on the ranch with the address 23751 Fish 

Rock Road. The survey was limited to the road right-of-way and the other structures on the ranch could not be seen from the 

roadway. The 2005 Mendocino County aerial also shows remnants of an orchard or vineyard within this ranch. 

The barn is a small side gabled barn with a shed addition on the northeast side. The barn and shed addition are open on the 

northwest side. The southwest side and gable portion on the northwest side are clad with horizontally placed false beveled 

boards, with each plank consisting of two false beveled strips. The southeast side (rear) is clad with three inch wide 

(approximately) plain boards. There were two windows on the southeast side which are falling out of the frames. The roof was 

covered with wood shakes, but a high percentage of these are missing. The structure is currently used to store wood and does 

not appear to get repairs. The northwest side appears to be missing many of the external boards. Due to the opening on the 

northwest side it appears that this small barn was used for parking or storing equipment. 

P3b. Resource Attributes - Historic: 


AH15. Standing Structures 




Left: southeast side. Right: northwest 

side 


Historic 









19-Oct-08 




Mixed reconnaissance and windsheild 

survey 







Mt. Diablo B.M.




LOCATION MAP 


HRI #: 

Trinomial: 




APPENDIX C: 

Native American Correspondence

August 20, 2009 

Ms. Katy Sanchez 

Native American Heritage Commission 

915 Capitol Mall, Room 364 

Sacramento, CA 95814 

Dear Ms. Sanchez: 

Re: ARS 09-037; A Cultural Resources Evaluation for the Fish Rock Sediment 

Reduction Project, Mendocino County, CA. 

Archaeological Resource Service has been retained to conduct a cultural resource evaluation of up to 

219 locations and about nine miles of roadway within and adjacent to an approximately 24-mile section of 

Fish Rock Road. Fish Rock Road is located in southern Mendocino County, about five miles north of the 

border with Sonoma County. The 24-mile stretch of roadway is situated between Iverson Road near 

Gualala and Highway 128 near the small town of Yorkville. 

The project area is located on portions of the USGS 7.5’ Gualala, McGuire Ridge, Zeni Ridge and 

Ornbaun Valley quadrangle maps and through the following Township and Range coordinates: T11N / 

R15W, T12N / R15W, T12N / R14W and T12N / R13W. The project area is shown on the attached five 

maps, including four quadrangle maps. 

Please undertake a sacred lands inventory for this project area, and supply us with a list of the 

appropriate Native American organizations and individuals to contact regarding this project area. Thank 

you. 

Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 

Staff Archaeologist 

122 American Alley, Suite A Petaluma, California 94952 

(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791

September 1, 2009 

Mr. Reno Franklin 

Tribal Historic Preservation Officer 

Stewarts Point Rancheria 

3535 Industrial Dr., Suite B2 

Santa Rosa, CA 95403 



Dear Mr. Franklin: 


220 specific locations and about nine miles of roadway within and adjacent to an approximately 24-mile 

section of Fish Rock Road. Fish Rock Road is located in southern Mendocino County, about five miles 

north of the border with Sonoma County. The 24-mile stretch of roadway is situated between Iverson 

Road near Gualala and Highway 128 near the small town of Yorkville. 





At our request, a search of the Sacred Lands File was conducted by the Native American Heritage 

Commission. The search indicated the presence of two Native American Sacred Sites in the vicinity of the 

larger project area. These resources are Kabetsaka wani (Zeni Ridge quadrangle, Section 18 of 

T12N/R13W) and Meeu (McGuire Ridge quadrangle, Section 31 of T12N/R13W). We are contacting you 

for further information about these Sacred Sites and other archaeological resources or Native American 

traditional places and gathering areas within the vicinity of the project area. We are seeking to identify all 

potentially significant cultural resources, including important Native American resources, within and 

adjacent to the Area of Potential Effect (APE) in order to recommend measures to avoid impacts. 

If you have information that should be considered in this evaluation or if you have any concerns that the 

project may affect Native American cultural resources, please contact us within 30 days at the address or 

phone number listed below: 




(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 

Additionally, since the undertaking is subject to a Section 106 review you may also be contacted by the 

Army Corps of Engineers, as an interested party. Please refer to ARS 09-037 in your communication with 

us. Thank you in advance for your participation in this evaluation process. 

Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791


Lynne Rosselli 

Environmental Planning Department 

Stewarts Point Rancheria 

3535 Indistrial Dr., Suite B2 

Santa Rosa, CA 95403 



Dear Lynne, 
























(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 




Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791


Ms. Wanda Balderama 

Chairperson 

Hopland Band of Pomo Indians 

3000 Shanel Road / 98 

Hopland, CA 95449 



Dear Ms. Balderama: 
























(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 




Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791


Mr. Nelson Pinola 

Chairperson 

Mancherster-Point Arena Rancheria 

P.O. Box 623 

Point Arena, CA 95468 



Dear Mr. Pinola: 
























(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 




Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791


Mr. Eugene Jamison Jr. 

President 

Round Valley Reservation/Covelo Indian Community 

P.O. Box 448 

Covolo, CA 95428 



Dear Mr. Jamison Jr.: 
























(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 




Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791


Suki Waters 

P.O. Box 53 

Jenner, CA 95450 



Dear Suki, 
























(707) 762-2573 (voice) 

(707) 762-1791 (fax) 




Sincerely, 

Sally Evans 



(707) 762-2573 � FAX (707) 762-1791

a cultural resources evaluation of the fish rock road sediment ...

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