Lower-Extremity Rotational Problems in Children - The Journal of ...

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LOWER-EXTREMITY ROTATIONAl. PROBLEMS IN (HII.DRIN
Foot-progression angle (Fig. 2-A): This angle was
greatest and most variable during infancy. During childhood
and adult life it showed little change. with the mean re
maining approximately + 10 degrees and the normal range
being between —¿ 3 and + 20 degrees.
Medicil rotation of the hip (Figs. 2-B and 2-C): Since
medial rotation was greater in female than in male subjects
by a mean difference of 7 degrees. separate graphs for the
sexes were constructed. Medial rotation was greatest in early
childhood and then declined throughout later childhood and
adulthood. From the middle of childhood on. for tiiale sub
jects the mean was about 50 degrees and the normal range
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was from 25 to 65 degrees. For female subjects the mean
was about 40 degrees and the normal range was froni I5 to
60 degrees.
Lateral Fotatioll @?tt11(' hi/) (Fig. 2—D): Unlike medial
rotation, lateral rotation of the hip showed flO sex-related
difference. so all values were pooled. Lateral rotation was
greatest during infancy. declined throughout childhood. and
then remained relatively constant during adult IlIC. From
the middle ofchildhood on. the mean was about 45 degrees
and the normal range was from 25 to 65 degrees.
Thigh-foot angle (Fig. 2-E): This angle increased and
became less variable throughout childhood. From the middle
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2 SD
40°
20°
-20°
-40°
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3 5 7 9 11 13 15-19 30s 50s 70+
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Age (years)
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Ft(. 2-I:
Thmiih—fonitatigle.
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Age (years)
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Fmo. 2@F
Angle of the transnial leolar axis.
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2 SD
VOL.67-A,NO. I. JANUARY1985
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3 5 7 9 11 13 15-19
rz.
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2 SD
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