Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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456 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt Figure 17. (a) Storage modulus G ′ (ω) and (b) (absolute) loss modulus G ′′ (ω) of 1 mg/ml solutions of F-actin filaments without (squares) and with (triangles) cross-linking plotted against frequency f = ω/2π. Solid lines: theoretical modelling. (From Ref. [22]). Figure 18. Schematic drawing of a bipolar myosin filament interacting with two actin filaments. Polarity of actin is indicated by the +/− signs (myosin moves toward the plus end; from Ref. [23]).
DPI60plus – a future with biophysics 457 locomotion or cell division involve movement and rearrangements of the cell structures that occur on the scale of seconds to minutes. The cytoskeleton is a network of semiflexible linear protein polymers (actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) that is responsible for most of the mechanical functions of cells. It differs from common polymer materials in both the complexity of composition and the fact that the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Chemical non-equilibrium drives mechanoenzymes (motor proteins) that are the force generators in cells. The cytoskeleton is thus an active material that can adapt its mechanics and perform mechanical tasks such as cell locomotion or cell division. We have explored in a recent project how non-equilibrium motor activity controls the mechanical properties of a simple three-component in vitro model cytoskeletal network consisting of a crosslinked actin network with embedded force-generating myosin II motors which are the skeletal muscle motors [23]. We formed myosin “minifilaments” (Fig. 18) that can link different actin filaments and move these filaments relative to each other in the presence of ATP. In the absence of ATP, these motor complexes statically cross-link F-actin and generate bundles that can be seen in a light microscope (data not shown here). In the presence of ATP, minifilaments generate contractile forces that can result in actin aggregation and phase separation, a phenomenon known as superprecipitation. To stabilize the networks and delay the onset of superprecipitation, we used F-actin cross-linked Figure 19. Mechanical response of cross-linked nonactive and active gels (actin and myosin concentrations as in Fig. 1). (A) The imaginary part of the response function α ′′ measured by AMR (circles) and the normalized power spectrum ωC(ω)/2kBT measured by PMR (lines). Open circles and the dashed line denote cross-linked actin without myosin; solid circles and the solid line denote networks with myosin 2.5 hours after sample preparation. For up to 5 hours, α ′′ and ωC(ω)/2kBT with and without myosin show good agreement, indicating that myosin activity did not yet produce observable non-equilibrium fluctuations. (B) The same as (A) but 6.8 hours after sample preparation (with myosin). Below 10 Hz, non-equilibrium fluctuations are observable as an enhancement of ωC(ω)/2kBT relative to α ′′ (from Ref. [23]).
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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74 D. Ronneberger et al. Mechel fou
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76 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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78 D. Ronneberger et al. |t + acous
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80 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 6.
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82 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 8.
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84 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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86 D. Ronneberger et al. R / L ⋅
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96 D. Ronneberger et al. powers of
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100 D. Ronneberger et al. The term
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102 D. Ronneberger et al. Neverthel
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104 D. Ronneberger et al. [4] J. Br
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106 D. Ronneberger et al. strömung
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108 D. Guicking synchronised tuning
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110 D. Guicking primary noise micro
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112 D. Guicking primary sensor desi
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114 D. Guicking by an antiphase sou
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116 D. Guicking R L C C + + 1 1−C
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118 D. Guicking More involved than
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120 D. Guicking In the 1980s, longi
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122 D. Guicking with electrodynamic
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124 D. Guicking 3.6 Noise reduction
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126 D. Guicking the turbulence of a
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128 D. Guicking References [1] Lord
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130 D. Guicking [44] Falcke, H.,
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132 D. Guicking [84] J. Melcher,
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134 D. Guicking [125] D. Heyland et
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136 D. Guicking [166] S. Zommer et
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138 D. Guicking [212] M. L. Post an
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140 W. Lauterborn et al. liquid κ
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142 W. Lauterborn et al. Figure 2.
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144 W. Lauterborn et al. nator, and
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146 W. Lauterborn et al. by types a
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148 W. Lauterborn et al. bubble rad
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154 W. Lauterborn et al. P koll [kb
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158 W. Lauterborn et al. laser puls
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168 W. Lauterborn et al. R [µ m] 1
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170 W. Lauterborn et al. [17] M. P.
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172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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174 R. Mettin 0 ms 2 mm 1 ms 2 ms 3
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176 R. Mettin important quantity ch
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178 R. Mettin 100 kPa 200 kPa | | F
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180 R. Mettin Figure 7. Trapped sin
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182 R. Mettin concentration of spec
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184 R. Mettin which is called the p
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186 R. Mettin R 02 [µm] R 02 [µm]
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188 R. Mettin constant to M a = 2π
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190 R. Mettin (a) p a [Pa] 140 120
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192 R. Mettin z [mm] 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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194 R. Mettin Figure 17. Left: Expe
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196 R. Mettin - a hot microlaborato
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198 R. Mettin [52] R. Mettin, C.-D.
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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202 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Fi
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214 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze 6
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218 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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260 K. D. Hinsch Generally, any of
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262 K. D. Hinsch Figure 1. Monitori
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264 K. D. Hinsch Figure 3. ESPI stu
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266 K. D. Hinsch Figure 4. Deterior
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268 K. D. Hinsch Often, in-plane mo
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270 K. D. Hinsch Figure 7. Optical
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272 K. D. Hinsch Figure 9. Humidity
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276 K. D. Hinsch Figure 13. Map of
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278 K. D. Hinsch References [1] D.
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280 Schreiber not moving along with
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282 Schreiber These properties made
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284 Schreiber Figure 3. The G ring
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286 Schreiber Rotation Rate [rad/s]
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288 Schreiber and it is currently b
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290 Schreiber n1 D A B n Figure 8.
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292 Schreiber Beamwalk [µm] 80.0 7
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294 Schreiber ∆ Perimeter [*10e12
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296 Schreiber and the last term acc
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298 Schreiber Δf [µHz] 100 50 0 -
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300 Schreiber formation of a new wo
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302 Schreiber PSD [*10 16 (rad/s) 2
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304 Schreiber 7.2 The ring laser co
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306 Schreiber Demodulator Signal [V
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308 Schreiber Est. Phase Vel. (m/s)
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310 Schreiber [18] V. Frede and V.
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312 Martin Dressel tice is reduced
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314 Martin Dressel Metallic whisker
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316 Martin Dressel (a) (b) (c) CH 3
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318 Martin Dressel 3.1 Charge densi
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320 Martin Dressel Absorptivity σ
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322 Martin Dressel brought a confir
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324 Martin Dressel a charge disprop
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326 Martin Dressel Conductivity 70
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328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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330 Martin Dressel References [1] M
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332 Martin Dressel and L. Montgomer
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334 R. Pottel, J. Haller and U. Kaa
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368 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends with
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370 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Figur
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386 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends of th
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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Page 446 and 447: 436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
Page 472 and 473: 462 Index basin of attraction, 144
Page 474 and 475: 464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
Page 476 and 477: 466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
Page 478 and 479: 468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
Page 480 and 481: 470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
Page 482 and 483: 472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
Page 484 and 485: 474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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