Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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316 Martin Dressel (a) (b) (c) CH 3 CH 3 C S S C C S S C C C CH 3 CH 3 H H C S S C C S S C C C O Cl Cl Cl Cl O TTF Figure 5. (a) Planar TMTTF molecule. (b) View along the stacks of TMTTF (a-direction) and (c) perpendicular to them (b-direction). Along the c-direction the stacks of the organic molecules are separated by monovalent anions, like PF − 6 or AsF−6 . (d) TTF molecule and chloranil QCl4 (e) in the mixed-stack compound TTF-CA, the planar TTF and CA molecules alternate. CA (d) (e) H H
Temperature (K) (TMTTF) 2 SbF 6 100 10 1 Charge order in one-dimensional solids 317 CO (TMTTF) 2 AsF 6 (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 loc SP (TMTTF) 2 Br 1D (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 AFM AFM SDW (TMTSF) 2 ClO 4 metal Pressure (TM) 2X SC 2D 3D ~5 kbar Figure 6. The phase diagram of the quasi one-dimensional TMTTF and TMTSF salts. For the different compounds the ambient-pressure position in the phase diagram is indicated. Going from the left to the right by physical or chemical pressure, the materials get less one-dimensional due to the increasing interaction in the second and third direction. Here loc stands for charge localization, CO for charge ordering, SP for spin-Peierls, AFM for antiferromagnet, SDW for spin density wave, and SC for superconductor. The description of the metallic state changes from a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid to a two- and threedimensional Fermi liquid. While some of the boundaries are clear phase transitions, the ones indicated by dashed lines are better characterized as a crossover. At first glance, there seems to be no good reason that in a chain of molecules the sites are not equivalent, or that the itinerant charges of a one-dimensional metal are not homogeneously distributed. However, the translational symmetry can be broken if electron-phonon interaction and electron-electron interaction become strong enough. Energy considerations then cause a redistribution in one or the other way, leading to charge density waves or charge order. Indeed, these ordering phenomena affect most thermodynamic, transport and elastic properties of the crystal; here we want to focus on the electrodynamic response, i.e. optical properties in a broad sense. First of all, there will be single-particle electron-hole excitations which require energy of typically an eV. But in addition, collective modes are expected. There is a rather general argument by Goldstone [14] that whenever a continuous symmetry is broken, long-wavelength modulations in the symmetry direction should occur at low frequencies. The fact that the lowest energy state has a broken symmetry means that the system is stiff: modulating the order parameter (in amplitude or phase) will cost energy. In crystals, the broken translational order introduces a rigidity to shear deformations, and low-frequency phonons. These collective excitations are expected well below a meV.
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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Specific signal types in hearing re
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74 D. Ronneberger et al. Mechel fou
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76 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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78 D. Ronneberger et al. |t + acous
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80 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 6.
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82 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 8.
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84 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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86 D. Ronneberger et al. R / L ⋅
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88 D. Ronneberger et al. e. g. temp
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90 D. Ronneberger et al. 3.2 Qualit
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92 D. Ronneberger et al. As usual t
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94 D. Ronneberger et al. (wavenumbe
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96 D. Ronneberger et al. powers of
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98 D. Ronneberger et al. an increas
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100 D. Ronneberger et al. The term
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102 D. Ronneberger et al. Neverthel
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104 D. Ronneberger et al. [4] J. Br
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106 D. Ronneberger et al. strömung
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108 D. Guicking synchronised tuning
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110 D. Guicking primary noise micro
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112 D. Guicking primary sensor desi
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114 D. Guicking by an antiphase sou
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116 D. Guicking R L C C + + 1 1−C
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118 D. Guicking More involved than
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120 D. Guicking In the 1980s, longi
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122 D. Guicking with electrodynamic
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124 D. Guicking 3.6 Noise reduction
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126 D. Guicking the turbulence of a
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128 D. Guicking References [1] Lord
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130 D. Guicking [44] Falcke, H.,
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132 D. Guicking [84] J. Melcher,
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134 D. Guicking [125] D. Heyland et
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136 D. Guicking [166] S. Zommer et
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138 D. Guicking [212] M. L. Post an
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140 W. Lauterborn et al. liquid κ
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142 W. Lauterborn et al. Figure 2.
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144 W. Lauterborn et al. nator, and
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146 W. Lauterborn et al. by types a
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148 W. Lauterborn et al. bubble rad
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154 W. Lauterborn et al. P koll [kb
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156 W. Lauterborn et al. Pulse widt
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158 W. Lauterborn et al. laser puls
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168 W. Lauterborn et al. R [µ m] 1
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170 W. Lauterborn et al. [17] M. P.
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172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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174 R. Mettin 0 ms 2 mm 1 ms 2 ms 3
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176 R. Mettin important quantity ch
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178 R. Mettin 100 kPa 200 kPa | | F
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180 R. Mettin Figure 7. Trapped sin
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182 R. Mettin concentration of spec
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184 R. Mettin which is called the p
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186 R. Mettin R 02 [µm] R 02 [µm]
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188 R. Mettin constant to M a = 2π
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190 R. Mettin (a) p a [Pa] 140 120
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192 R. Mettin z [mm] 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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194 R. Mettin Figure 17. Left: Expe
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196 R. Mettin - a hot microlaborato
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198 R. Mettin [52] R. Mettin, C.-D.
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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202 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Fi
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214 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze 6
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216 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Pr
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218 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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260 K. D. Hinsch Generally, any of
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262 K. D. Hinsch Figure 1. Monitori
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264 K. D. Hinsch Figure 3. ESPI stu
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Page 298 and 299: 288 Schreiber and it is currently b
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Page 338 and 339: 328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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366 R. Pottel, J. Haller and U. Kaa
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368 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends with
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370 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Figur
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386 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends of th
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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406 U. Parlitz here chaos control m
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408 U. Parlitz Figure 2. Amplitude
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410 U. Parlitz 4 10 5 5 (a) (b) (c)
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412 U. Parlitz two-parameter studie
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414 U. Parlitz GN differential opti
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416 U. Parlitz P 1 P 2 P 3 S P 1 P
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418 U. Parlitz Figure 9. Correlatio
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420 U. Parlitz series” where for
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422 U. Parlitz current state future
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424 U. Parlitz tion [69] of two uni
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426 U. Parlitz LD1 LD2 M BS1 BS2 OD
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428 U. Parlitz with a clear tendenc
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430 U. Parlitz (a) y (c) y 40 20 È
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432 U. Parlitz [29] P. Grassberger,
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434 U. Parlitz [76] H. D. I. Abarba
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436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
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462 Index basin of attraction, 144
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464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
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466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
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468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
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470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
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472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
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474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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