Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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272 K. D. Hinsch Figure 9. Humidity-induced out-of-plane motion as indicated by saw tooth fringes of the surface (left) and an inner interface at depth 100 µm (right) in a layered coating on a Chinese terracotta sample. Relative humidity changed from 90% to 80%. In summary, LCSI is a promising tool to explore the deformation scene also within a thin region below the surface of rigid objects. The depth available depends on the optical properties of the material – mostly it will not exceed a millimetre. Since action from an aggressive environment, however, has to penetrate layers immediately adjacent to the surface their mechanical properties become especially important in estimating possible damage. Figure 10. Mean deformation of surface (top layer) and interface (lower layer) in the layered coating on the Chinese terracotta sample of Fig. 8 during the cycle of relative humidity also shown.
6 Sounding the depth by vibration ESPI Laser speckle metrology 273 Many historical murals are painted on plaster layers of up to several centimetres in thickness. In the course of time, such layers may detach from the supporting wall – thus a check of the integrity of the interface is needed. Conservators usually inspect the condition of wall paintings using the so-called percussion technique, which involves gently tapping the painting, section by section, and deducing from the acoustic response where the plaster is loose. At such locations it sounds “hollow”. Using this method of inspection to plan the restoration of a large church is a cumbersome task requiring complex scaffolding and involving a detailed mapping of the paintings condition that can take months to complete. The obvious solution here would be to develop a measuring technique that can be used to perform this inspection quickly and automatically from ground level, allowing the experts more time to concentrate on the affected areas and their restoration. We have shown that low-coherence exploration of an object below its surface is possible, but restricted to not much more than a millimetre in depth. Thus, in the present case light can not be used directly to scan the depth for detachments and we must develop other means. We can use the light, however, to probe the minute response of loose areas to an acoustic-wave stimulus coming from a loudspeaker and “sounding” the depth for an optical alert signal. ESPI is a perfect tool for studying small vibrations [21] that we adapted to the mural problem [22]. In our setup (Fig. 11) an ordinary time average ESPI arrangement is refined by modulation of the reference-beam phase with a frequency slightly displaced from the loudspeaker signal. This has several advantages. In time-average interferometry the fringe function, i. e., the fringe brightness versus vibration amplitude, follows the square of a zero-order Bessel function. As the slope of this function tends to zero for zero amplitude the performance of the method is poor for small vibrations. Reference beam modulation acts as bias amplitude and allows moving the operating point in the fringe function to the place of maximum sensitivity. Furthermore, the beat between reference and signal waves produces flickering light intensities at those Figure 11. Time average ESPI-system for the study of detached layers in murals.
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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Specific signal types in hearing re
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74 D. Ronneberger et al. Mechel fou
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76 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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78 D. Ronneberger et al. |t + acous
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80 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 6.
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82 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 8.
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84 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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86 D. Ronneberger et al. R / L ⋅
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88 D. Ronneberger et al. e. g. temp
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90 D. Ronneberger et al. 3.2 Qualit
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92 D. Ronneberger et al. As usual t
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94 D. Ronneberger et al. (wavenumbe
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96 D. Ronneberger et al. powers of
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98 D. Ronneberger et al. an increas
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100 D. Ronneberger et al. The term
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102 D. Ronneberger et al. Neverthel
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104 D. Ronneberger et al. [4] J. Br
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106 D. Ronneberger et al. strömung
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108 D. Guicking synchronised tuning
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110 D. Guicking primary noise micro
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112 D. Guicking primary sensor desi
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114 D. Guicking by an antiphase sou
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116 D. Guicking R L C C + + 1 1−C
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118 D. Guicking More involved than
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120 D. Guicking In the 1980s, longi
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122 D. Guicking with electrodynamic
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124 D. Guicking 3.6 Noise reduction
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126 D. Guicking the turbulence of a
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128 D. Guicking References [1] Lord
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130 D. Guicking [44] Falcke, H.,
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132 D. Guicking [84] J. Melcher,
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134 D. Guicking [125] D. Heyland et
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136 D. Guicking [166] S. Zommer et
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138 D. Guicking [212] M. L. Post an
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140 W. Lauterborn et al. liquid κ
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142 W. Lauterborn et al. Figure 2.
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144 W. Lauterborn et al. nator, and
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146 W. Lauterborn et al. by types a
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148 W. Lauterborn et al. bubble rad
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154 W. Lauterborn et al. P koll [kb
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156 W. Lauterborn et al. Pulse widt
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158 W. Lauterborn et al. laser puls
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168 W. Lauterborn et al. R [µ m] 1
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170 W. Lauterborn et al. [17] M. P.
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172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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174 R. Mettin 0 ms 2 mm 1 ms 2 ms 3
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176 R. Mettin important quantity ch
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178 R. Mettin 100 kPa 200 kPa | | F
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180 R. Mettin Figure 7. Trapped sin
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182 R. Mettin concentration of spec
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184 R. Mettin which is called the p
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186 R. Mettin R 02 [µm] R 02 [µm]
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188 R. Mettin constant to M a = 2π
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190 R. Mettin (a) p a [Pa] 140 120
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192 R. Mettin z [mm] 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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194 R. Mettin Figure 17. Left: Expe
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196 R. Mettin - a hot microlaborato
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198 R. Mettin [52] R. Mettin, C.-D.
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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202 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Fi
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214 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze 6
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216 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Pr
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218 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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220 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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Page 322 and 323: 312 Martin Dressel tice is reduced
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322 Martin Dressel brought a confir
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324 Martin Dressel a charge disprop
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326 Martin Dressel Conductivity 70
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328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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330 Martin Dressel References [1] M
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332 Martin Dressel and L. Montgomer
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334 R. Pottel, J. Haller and U. Kaa
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368 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends with
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370 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Figur
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386 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends of th
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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406 U. Parlitz here chaos control m
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408 U. Parlitz Figure 2. Amplitude
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410 U. Parlitz 4 10 5 5 (a) (b) (c)
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412 U. Parlitz two-parameter studie
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414 U. Parlitz GN differential opti
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416 U. Parlitz P 1 P 2 P 3 S P 1 P
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418 U. Parlitz Figure 9. Correlatio
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420 U. Parlitz series” where for
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422 U. Parlitz current state future
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424 U. Parlitz tion [69] of two uni
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426 U. Parlitz LD1 LD2 M BS1 BS2 OD
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428 U. Parlitz with a clear tendenc
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430 U. Parlitz (a) y (c) y 40 20 È
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432 U. Parlitz [29] P. Grassberger,
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434 U. Parlitz [76] H. D. I. Abarba
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436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
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462 Index basin of attraction, 144
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464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
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466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
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468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
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470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
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472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
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474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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