Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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258 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopalan produced by high-irradiance continuous wave CO2 laser cutting of tissue’, Lasers Surg. Med. 10, 74 (1990). [126] M. Frenz, H. Pratisto, F. Könz, E. D. Jansen, A. J. Welch, and H. P. Weber, ‘Comparison of the effects of absorption coefficient and pulse duration of 2.12 µm and 2.79 µm radiation on laser ablation of tissue’, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 2025 (1996). [127] A. Vogel, P. Schmidt, and B. Flucke, ‘Minimization of thermomechanical side effects in IR ablation by use of multiply Q-switched laser pulses’, Med. Laser Appl. 17, 15 (2002).
Oscillations, Waves and Interactions, pp. 259–278 edited by T. Kurz, U. Parlitz, and U. Kaatze Universitätsverlag Göttingen (2007) ISBN 978–3–938616–96–3 urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-verlag-1-10-8 Laser speckle metrology – a tool serving the conservation of cultural heritage K. D. Hinsch Applied Optics, Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg, Germany Abstract. Deterioration of artwork is often connected to mechanical material degradation that starts at microscopic scales. Insight into decay mechanisms can therefore be obtained by monitoring microscopic deformation and displacement fields. Thus, the proper optical methods become an ideal tool for restorers and conservators, the more as the methods are non-intrusive and remotely applicable. We show how the scope of modern speckle metrology can be adapted to this aim. Refinements of correlation imaging, speckle interferometry and low-coherence detection as well as the time average monitoring of vibrations provide a wealth of methods that have been applied successfully in historical objects. 1 Introduction For many years the preservation of artwork was mainly the domain of the humanities. Lately, however, science is playing an increasing role in the analysis, conservation and restoration of historical objects. For unique and delicate specimens – from skilfully carved stone sculptures to colourful medieval wall paintings – analytical techniques must be non-invasive. Optics is providing a powerful and versatile set of tools for surveying and analyzing historical treasures [1–3]. Since they were made these priceless objects have aged. They deteriorate due to varying climate conditions or polluted environments and their preservation requires special countermeasures. Critical monitoring of the state of the object, identification and understanding of the deterioration processes and control of remedies are important. Often, deterioration starts at the microscopic level, initially producing weakening of the mechanical cohesion in the sample. This shows up in irregular minute displacements or changes in the micro-topography of an objects surface. Thus, optical contouring and deformation mapping methods can provide essential data on the distribution of mechanical stress in the sample, indicate weak spots, or provide earlywarning data on objects at risk. Suitable methods must provide sufficient sensitivity to detect displacements or changes in the topography well down in the micrometer domain. Yet, they should still operate successfully on-site in spite of disturbances like rigid-body creeping motions, annoying vibrations or air turbulence. The state of the object may also be checked by monitoring its deformation response to an external mechanical or thermal load (comparable to the medical checkup in health care).
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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Specific signal types in hearing re
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74 D. Ronneberger et al. Mechel fou
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76 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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78 D. Ronneberger et al. |t + acous
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80 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 6.
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82 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 8.
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84 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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94 D. Ronneberger et al. (wavenumbe
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96 D. Ronneberger et al. powers of
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98 D. Ronneberger et al. an increas
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100 D. Ronneberger et al. The term
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102 D. Ronneberger et al. Neverthel
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104 D. Ronneberger et al. [4] J. Br
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106 D. Ronneberger et al. strömung
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108 D. Guicking synchronised tuning
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110 D. Guicking primary noise micro
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112 D. Guicking primary sensor desi
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114 D. Guicking by an antiphase sou
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116 D. Guicking R L C C + + 1 1−C
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118 D. Guicking More involved than
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120 D. Guicking In the 1980s, longi
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122 D. Guicking with electrodynamic
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124 D. Guicking 3.6 Noise reduction
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126 D. Guicking the turbulence of a
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128 D. Guicking References [1] Lord
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130 D. Guicking [44] Falcke, H.,
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132 D. Guicking [84] J. Melcher,
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134 D. Guicking [125] D. Heyland et
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136 D. Guicking [166] S. Zommer et
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138 D. Guicking [212] M. L. Post an
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140 W. Lauterborn et al. liquid κ
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142 W. Lauterborn et al. Figure 2.
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144 W. Lauterborn et al. nator, and
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146 W. Lauterborn et al. by types a
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148 W. Lauterborn et al. bubble rad
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154 W. Lauterborn et al. P koll [kb
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156 W. Lauterborn et al. Pulse widt
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158 W. Lauterborn et al. laser puls
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168 W. Lauterborn et al. R [µ m] 1
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170 W. Lauterborn et al. [17] M. P.
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172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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174 R. Mettin 0 ms 2 mm 1 ms 2 ms 3
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176 R. Mettin important quantity ch
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178 R. Mettin 100 kPa 200 kPa | | F
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180 R. Mettin Figure 7. Trapped sin
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182 R. Mettin concentration of spec
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184 R. Mettin which is called the p
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186 R. Mettin R 02 [µm] R 02 [µm]
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188 R. Mettin constant to M a = 2π
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190 R. Mettin (a) p a [Pa] 140 120
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192 R. Mettin z [mm] 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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194 R. Mettin Figure 17. Left: Expe
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196 R. Mettin - a hot microlaborato
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198 R. Mettin [52] R. Mettin, C.-D.
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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202 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Fi
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308 Schreiber Est. Phase Vel. (m/s)
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310 Schreiber [18] V. Frede and V.
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312 Martin Dressel tice is reduced
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314 Martin Dressel Metallic whisker
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316 Martin Dressel (a) (b) (c) CH 3
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318 Martin Dressel 3.1 Charge densi
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320 Martin Dressel Absorptivity σ
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322 Martin Dressel brought a confir
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324 Martin Dressel a charge disprop
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326 Martin Dressel Conductivity 70
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328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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330 Martin Dressel References [1] M
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332 Martin Dressel and L. Montgomer
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334 R. Pottel, J. Haller and U. Kaa
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368 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends with
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386 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends of th
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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406 U. Parlitz here chaos control m
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408 U. Parlitz Figure 2. Amplitude
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410 U. Parlitz 4 10 5 5 (a) (b) (c)
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412 U. Parlitz two-parameter studie
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414 U. Parlitz GN differential opti
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416 U. Parlitz P 1 P 2 P 3 S P 1 P
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418 U. Parlitz Figure 9. Correlatio
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420 U. Parlitz series” where for
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422 U. Parlitz current state future
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424 U. Parlitz tion [69] of two uni
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426 U. Parlitz LD1 LD2 M BS1 BS2 OD
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428 U. Parlitz with a clear tendenc
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430 U. Parlitz (a) y (c) y 40 20 È
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432 U. Parlitz [29] P. Grassberger,
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434 U. Parlitz [76] H. D. I. Abarba
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436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
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462 Index basin of attraction, 144
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464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
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466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
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468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
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470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
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472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
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474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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