Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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150 W. Lauterborn et al. Figure 10. Dynamics of a laser-produced spherical bubble in water of reduced surface tension in the neighbourhood of a plane solid boundary observed at 300000 frames per second. Size of the frames is 6.7 mm × 2.7 mm. where Rmax ist the maximum radius of the bubble and s the distance from the wall at that instant, has turned out to be a good measure of perturbation of the bubble collapse by a neighbouring wall. The development of a jet by involution of the part of the bubble opposite to the solid wall, the formation of a toroidal bubble or bubble vortex ring, and the rebound of the torus bubble with the formation of a ‘counterjet’ is exemplified by Fig. 11. The photographic series is taken at one million frames per second for better resolving the dynamics and at an angle of 45 ◦ from above the wall with front illumination. The normalized distance to the wall has the quite large value of γ =2.6. The jet is broad and after penetrating the opposite bubble wall turns the bubble into a short living torus bubble or vortex ring, the life time being less than a microsecond. Also within less than a microsecond the torus bubble has rebounded and is expanding whereby a ‘counterjet’ develops sticking out upwards perpendicular to the torus ring and with obviously little physical connection to the expanding torus bubble. It is produced by the tension part of the torus shock wave developing upon collapse of the torus as secondary cavitation [23]. It consists of many tiny bubbles that nucleate in the strong negative pressure region along the perpendicular to the torus ring by confluence of the shock/tension waves emanating from the torus ring. Figure 12 shows the evolution of this secondary cavitation appearing on top of the bubble (torus) photographed in side view for a bubble of Rmax = 1.5 mm and γ = 1.4. When femtosecond laser pulses are used for bubble generation the high intensity in the laser beam alters the properties of the medium in which it propagates, in particular its index of refraction. In water this leads to self-focussing of the beam and self-guiding or channelling. This effect may be used to produce elongated bubbles for
The single bubble – a hot microlaboratory 151 Figure 11. Bubble collapse as photographed from an angle of 45 ◦ from above the solid wall with front illumination. Maximum bubble size is Rmax =1.5 mm, normalized bubble distance γ is 2.6, the frame size is 1.1 mm (height) by 1.2 mm (width) (from Ref. [23]). Figure 12. Evolution of the secondary cavitation event (‘counterjet’) for a bubble of Rmax = 1.5 mm and γ = 1.4. Four frames taken at 5, 50, 100 and 200 µs after collapse are shown. Frame size is 1.21 mm by 0.77 mm (from Ref. [23]).
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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Specific signal types in hearing re
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74 D. Ronneberger et al. Mechel fou
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76 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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78 D. Ronneberger et al. |t + acous
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80 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 6.
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82 D. Ronneberger et al. Figure 8.
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84 D. Ronneberger et al. (flow velo
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86 D. Ronneberger et al. R / L ⋅
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88 D. Ronneberger et al. e. g. temp
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90 D. Ronneberger et al. 3.2 Qualit
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92 D. Ronneberger et al. As usual t
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94 D. Ronneberger et al. (wavenumbe
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96 D. Ronneberger et al. powers of
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98 D. Ronneberger et al. an increas
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Page 182 and 183: 172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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202 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Fi
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214 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze 6
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216 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Pr
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218 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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260 K. D. Hinsch Generally, any of
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262 K. D. Hinsch Figure 1. Monitori
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264 K. D. Hinsch Figure 3. ESPI stu
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266 K. D. Hinsch Figure 4. Deterior
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268 K. D. Hinsch Often, in-plane mo
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270 K. D. Hinsch Figure 7. Optical
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272 K. D. Hinsch Figure 9. Humidity
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274 K. D. Hinsch locations that tak
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276 K. D. Hinsch Figure 13. Map of
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278 K. D. Hinsch References [1] D.
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280 Schreiber not moving along with
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282 Schreiber These properties made
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284 Schreiber Figure 3. The G ring
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286 Schreiber Rotation Rate [rad/s]
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288 Schreiber and it is currently b
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290 Schreiber n1 D A B n Figure 8.
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292 Schreiber Beamwalk [µm] 80.0 7
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294 Schreiber ∆ Perimeter [*10e12
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296 Schreiber and the last term acc
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298 Schreiber Δf [µHz] 100 50 0 -
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300 Schreiber formation of a new wo
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302 Schreiber PSD [*10 16 (rad/s) 2
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304 Schreiber 7.2 The ring laser co
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306 Schreiber Demodulator Signal [V
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308 Schreiber Est. Phase Vel. (m/s)
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310 Schreiber [18] V. Frede and V.
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312 Martin Dressel tice is reduced
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314 Martin Dressel Metallic whisker
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316 Martin Dressel (a) (b) (c) CH 3
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318 Martin Dressel 3.1 Charge densi
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320 Martin Dressel Absorptivity σ
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322 Martin Dressel brought a confir
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324 Martin Dressel a charge disprop
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326 Martin Dressel Conductivity 70
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328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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330 Martin Dressel References [1] M
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332 Martin Dressel and L. Montgomer
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334 R. Pottel, J. Haller and U. Kaa
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368 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends with
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370 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Figur
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386 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends of th
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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406 U. Parlitz here chaos control m
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408 U. Parlitz Figure 2. Amplitude
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410 U. Parlitz 4 10 5 5 (a) (b) (c)
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412 U. Parlitz two-parameter studie
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414 U. Parlitz GN differential opti
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416 U. Parlitz P 1 P 2 P 3 S P 1 P
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418 U. Parlitz Figure 9. Correlatio
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420 U. Parlitz series” where for
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422 U. Parlitz current state future
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424 U. Parlitz tion [69] of two uni
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426 U. Parlitz LD1 LD2 M BS1 BS2 OD
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428 U. Parlitz with a clear tendenc
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430 U. Parlitz (a) y (c) y 40 20 È
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432 U. Parlitz [29] P. Grassberger,
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434 U. Parlitz [76] H. D. I. Abarba
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436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
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462 Index basin of attraction, 144
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464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
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466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
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468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
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470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
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472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
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474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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