Oscillations, Waves, and Interactions - GWDG

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106 D. Ronneberger et al. strömung’, in Fortschritte der Akustik, DAGA ’02 (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik, 2002), p. 304. [46] M. Hartmann, Zeitlich modulierte Statistik der periodisch gestörten turbulenten Kanalströmung, Dissertation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (2001). [47] M. Beykirch, Untersuchung räumlich-zeitlicher Geschwindigkeitskorrelationen in einer periodisch gestörten turbulenten Kanalströmung, Dissertation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (1996). [48] H. Flötke, Modulation von Häufigkeitsverteilungen in der turbulenten Grenzschicht an einer schwingenen Wand, Dissertation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (1987). [49] K. Breuer, Messung der Schubspannung in einer zeitlich modulierten turbulenten Kanalströmung, Diploma thesis, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (1995). [50] K. Hesse, Zeitabhängigkeit der spektralen Eigenschaften einer zeitlich modulierten turbulenten Kanalströmung, Diploma thesis, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (1995). [51] C. Völtz, Zeitliche Modulation einer turbulenten Kanalströmung bei hohen Modulationsfrequenzen, Diploma thesis, University of Göttingen, Göttingen (1997). [52] P. Huerre and P. Monkewitz, ‘Local and Global Instabilities in Spatially Developing Flows’, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22, 473 (1990).
Oscillations, Waves and Interactions, pp. 107–138 edited by T. Kurz, U. Parlitz, and U. Kaatze Universitätsverlag Göttingen (2007) ISBN 978–3–938616–96–3 urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-verlag-1-05-1 Active control of sound and vibration History – Fundamentals – State of the art Dieter Guicking Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Email: guicking@physik3.gwdg.de Abstract. In a narrow sense, coherent active control of sound and vibration is the cancellation or (less often) enhancement by superposition of an antiphase or in-phase additional signal, usually from an external source of sound or vibration. The historical development of the technologies are outlined, the fundamentals under aspects of physics, signal processing and algorithms are treated, and the current states of research and applications are reviewed, more or less systematically sorted. Related fields such as adaptive optics, active flow control, and control of nonlinear dynamical systems are also included. Active control of sound and vibration in a wider sense, the incoherent superposition, aimed at sound power enhancement etc., is not considered in this survey. 1 Introduction The concept of cancelling unwanted sound or vibrations by superimposing a compensation signal exactly in antiphase is not new. In acoustics, most of the early publications in this field are patent applications, showing that technical applications were considered possible. However, for a long time experiments were nothing more than laboratory demonstrations which were smiled at as curiosities, far from reality. Only modern electronics made technical applications feasible. The situation was different with the compensation of low-frequency mechanical vibrations; these techniques were used in practise at a very early stage. In the following, an overview is given of the historical development, technical realisations, and present research activities. 2 Active noise control (ANC) 2.1 Early investigations The first experiments on the superposition of sound fields were presumably made in 1878 by Lord Rayleigh [1]. He describes under the heading “Points of Silence” how he scanned, with his ear, the interference field produced by two electromagnetically
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Thomas Kurz, Ulrich Parlitz, and Ud
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erschienen im Universitätsverlag G
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Bibliographische Information der De
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iv Contents Laser speckle metrology
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Oscillations, Waves and Interaction
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Applied physics at the “Dritte”
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noise component [GNE] 5 4 3 2 1 can
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3.4 Transfer to running speech Spee
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3.4.2 Analysis of running speech Sp
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Speech research 33 Area [Pixels] 60
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Speech research 35 [13] D. Michaeli
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Specific signal types in hearing re
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168 W. Lauterborn et al. R [µ m] 1
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170 W. Lauterborn et al. [17] M. P.
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172 R. Mettin (a) (b) Figure 1. Bub
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174 R. Mettin 0 ms 2 mm 1 ms 2 ms 3
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176 R. Mettin important quantity ch
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178 R. Mettin 100 kPa 200 kPa | | F
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180 R. Mettin Figure 7. Trapped sin
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182 R. Mettin concentration of spec
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184 R. Mettin which is called the p
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186 R. Mettin R 02 [µm] R 02 [µm]
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188 R. Mettin constant to M a = 2π
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190 R. Mettin (a) p a [Pa] 140 120
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192 R. Mettin z [mm] 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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194 R. Mettin Figure 17. Left: Expe
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196 R. Mettin - a hot microlaborato
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198 R. Mettin [52] R. Mettin, C.-D.
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200 W. Eisenmenger and U. Kaatze Th
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218 A. Vogel, I. Apitz, V. Venugopa
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260 K. D. Hinsch Generally, any of
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262 K. D. Hinsch Figure 1. Monitori
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264 K. D. Hinsch Figure 3. ESPI stu
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266 K. D. Hinsch Figure 4. Deterior
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268 K. D. Hinsch Often, in-plane mo
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270 K. D. Hinsch Figure 7. Optical
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272 K. D. Hinsch Figure 9. Humidity
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276 K. D. Hinsch Figure 13. Map of
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278 K. D. Hinsch References [1] D.
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280 Schreiber not moving along with
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282 Schreiber These properties made
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284 Schreiber Figure 3. The G ring
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286 Schreiber Rotation Rate [rad/s]
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288 Schreiber and it is currently b
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290 Schreiber n1 D A B n Figure 8.
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292 Schreiber Beamwalk [µm] 80.0 7
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294 Schreiber ∆ Perimeter [*10e12
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298 Schreiber Δf [µHz] 100 50 0 -
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302 Schreiber PSD [*10 16 (rad/s) 2
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310 Schreiber [18] V. Frede and V.
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312 Martin Dressel tice is reduced
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314 Martin Dressel Metallic whisker
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316 Martin Dressel (a) (b) (c) CH 3
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318 Martin Dressel 3.1 Charge densi
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320 Martin Dressel Absorptivity σ
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324 Martin Dressel a charge disprop
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326 Martin Dressel Conductivity 70
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328 Martin Dressel Reflectivity Con
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332 Martin Dressel and L. Montgomer
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398 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [6] M
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400 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends [49]
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402 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends (2002
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404 U. Kaatze and R. Behrends Copyr
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406 U. Parlitz here chaos control m
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408 U. Parlitz Figure 2. Amplitude
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410 U. Parlitz 4 10 5 5 (a) (b) (c)
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412 U. Parlitz two-parameter studie
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414 U. Parlitz GN differential opti
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416 U. Parlitz P 1 P 2 P 3 S P 1 P
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418 U. Parlitz Figure 9. Correlatio
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420 U. Parlitz series” where for
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422 U. Parlitz current state future
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424 U. Parlitz tion [69] of two uni
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426 U. Parlitz LD1 LD2 M BS1 BS2 OD
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428 U. Parlitz with a clear tendenc
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430 U. Parlitz (a) y (c) y 40 20 È
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432 U. Parlitz [29] P. Grassberger,
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434 U. Parlitz [76] H. D. I. Abarba
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436 S. Lakämper and C. F. Schmidt
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462 Index basin of attraction, 144
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464 Index cone bubble structure, 19
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466 Index turbulent, 111, 126 fluct
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468 Index LPC, 29 luminescence of b
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470 Index peak factor, 38, 43 Peier
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472 Index laser-induced bubble, 152
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474 Index ultraharmonic resonance,
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