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on the dopamine-driven reward system and

its role in delivering life’s goodies. But

there’s a mirror-image brain network, often

called the loss avoidance system, whose job

is to call our attention to risk. If the reward

network chases shiny fruit, the loss avoidance

system worries about bad apples.

The loss avoidance system, like the reward

network, is a double-edged sword. It

can make people anxious, unpleasantly

anxious, so anxious that they sit out bull

markets while everyone else gets rich. But

it also causes them to take fewer stupid

risks. This system is mediated in part by a

neurotransmitter called serotonin—and

when people are given drugs like Prozac

(known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

that affect the loss avoidance system,

they become more blasé about danger.

They also become more gregarious. These

features coincide uncannily, points out the

neurofinance expert Dr. Richard Peterson,

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