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890/929Learning Tasks,” Neuropsychopharmacology32 (2007): 206–15.34. introverts are “geared to inspect”: JohnBrebner and Chris Cooper, “Stimulus orResponse-Induced Excitation: A Comparisonof the Behavior of Introverts and Extroverts,”Journal of Research in Personality 12,no. 3 (1978): 306–11.35. more likely you are to learn: Indeed, it’sbeen shown that one of the crucial waysthat we learn is to analyze our mistakes.See Jonah Lehrer, How We Decide (NewYork: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009),51.36. If you force extroverts to pause … how tobehave around warning signals in thefuture: Interview with the author, November13, 2008. Another way to understandwhy some people worry about risks andothers ignore them is to go back to the ideaof brain networks. In this chapter I focused

on the dopamine-driven reward system andits role in delivering life’s goodies. Butthere’s a mirror-image brain network, oftencalled the loss avoidance system, whose jobis to call our attention to risk. If the rewardnetwork chases shiny fruit, the loss avoidancesystem worries about bad apples.The loss avoidance system, like the rewardnetwork, is a double-edged sword. Itcan make people anxious, unpleasantlyanxious, so anxious that they sit out bullmarkets while everyone else gets rich. Butit also causes them to take fewer stupidrisks. This system is mediated in part by aneurotransmitter called serotonin—andwhen people are given drugs like Prozac(known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)that affect the loss avoidance system,they become more blasé about danger.They also become more gregarious. Thesefeatures coincide uncannily, points out theneurofinance expert Dr. Richard Peterson,891/929

890/929

Learning Tasks,” Neuropsychopharmacology

32 (2007): 206–15.

34. introverts are “geared to inspect”: John

Brebner and Chris Cooper, “Stimulus or

Response-Induced Excitation: A Comparison

of the Behavior of Introverts and Extroverts,”

Journal of Research in Personality 12,

no. 3 (1978): 306–11.

35. more likely you are to learn: Indeed, it’s

been shown that one of the crucial ways

that we learn is to analyze our mistakes.

See Jonah Lehrer, How We Decide (New

York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009),

51.

36. If you force extroverts to pause … how to

behave around warning signals in the

future: Interview with the author, November

13, 2008. Another way to understand

why some people worry about risks and

others ignore them is to go back to the idea

of brain networks. In this chapter I focused

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