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CHAPTER 4: IS TEMPERAMENT DESTINY?
A general note on this chapter: Chapter
4 discusses the psychologist Jerome Kagan’s
work on high reactivity, which some contemporary
psychologists would consider to
lie at the intersection of introversion and
another trait known as “neuroticism.” For
the sake of readability, I have not elucidated
that distinction in the text.
1. For one of those studies, launched in
1989: This study is discussed at length in
Jerome Kagan and Nancy Snidman, The
Long Shadow of Temperament (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).
2. “Carl Jung’s descriptions of the introvert
and extrovert”: Ibid., 218.
3. reserved Tom and extroverted Ralph:
Jerome Kagan, Galen’s Prophecy (New York:
Basic Books, 1998), 158–61.