quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-susan-cain

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relationships of the age, one might suspectthat anything—including a firstimpression—had made the crucial difference.”Americans responded to thesepressures by trying to become salesmenwho could sell not only their company’slatest gizmo but also themselves.One of the most powerful lensesthrough which to view the transformationfrom Character to Personality isthe self-help tradition in which DaleCarnegie played such a prominent role.Self-help books have always loomedlarge in the American psyche. Many ofthe earliest conduct guides were religiousparables, like The Pilgrim’s Progress,published in 1678, which warnedreaders to behave with restraint if theywanted to make it into heaven. The advicemanuals of the nineteenth centurywere less religious but still preachedthe value of a noble character. They76/929

featured case studies of historical heroeslike Abraham Lincoln, revered notonly as a gifted communicator but alsoas a modest man who did not, as RalphWaldo Emerson put it, “offend by superiority.”They also celebrated regularpeople who lived highly moral lives. Apopular 1899 manual called Character:The Grandest Thing in the World featureda timid shop girl who gave away hermeager earnings to a freezing beggar,then rushed off before anyone could seewhat she’d done. Her virtue, the readerunderstood, derived not only from hergenerosity but also from her wish to remainanonymous.But by 1920, popular self-help guideshad changed their focus from inner virtueto outer charm—“to know what tosay and how to say it,” as one manualput it. “To create a personality ispower,” advised another. “Try in every77/929

featured case studies of historical heroes

like Abraham Lincoln, revered not

only as a gifted communicator but also

as a modest man who did not, as Ralph

Waldo Emerson put it, “offend by superiority.”

They also celebrated regular

people who lived highly moral lives. A

popular 1899 manual called Character:

The Grandest Thing in the World featured

a timid shop girl who gave away her

meager earnings to a freezing beggar,

then rushed off before anyone could see

what she’d done. Her virtue, the reader

understood, derived not only from her

generosity but also from her wish to remain

anonymous.

But by 1920, popular self-help guides

had changed their focus from inner virtue

to outer charm—“to know what to

say and how to say it,” as one manual

put it. “To create a personality is

power,” advised another. “Try in every

77/929

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