quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-susan-cain
496/9295. I worry about making mistakes.But I believe that another importantexplanation for introverts who lovetheir work may come from a very differentline of research by the influentialpsychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyion the state of being he calls “flow.”Flow is an optimal state in which youfeel totally engaged in an activity—whetherlong-distance swimmingor songwriting, sumo wrestling or sex.In a state of flow, you’re neither borednor anxious, and you don’t questionyour own adequacy. Hours passwithout your noticing.The key to flow is to pursue an activityfor its own sake, not for the rewardsit brings. Although flow does not dependon being an introvert or an
extrovert, many of the flow experiencesthat Csikszentmihalyi writes about aresolitary pursuits that have nothing todo with reward-seeking: reading, tendingan orchard, solo ocean cruising.Flow often occurs, he writes, in conditionsin which people “become independentof the social environment tothe degree that they no longer respondexclusively in terms of its rewards andpunishments. To achieve suchautonomy, a person has to learn toprovide rewards to herself.”In a sense, Csikszentmihalyi transcendsAristotle; he is telling us thatthere are some activities that are notabout approach or avoidance, but aboutsomething deeper: the fulfillment thatcomes from absorption in an activityoutside yourself. “Psychological theoriesusually assume that we are motivatedeither by the need to eliminate an497/929
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extrovert, many of the flow experiences
that Csikszentmihalyi writes about are
solitary pursuits that have nothing to
do with reward-seeking: reading, tending
an orchard, solo ocean cruising.
Flow often occurs, he writes, in conditions
in which people “become independent
of the social environment to
the degree that they no longer respond
exclusively in terms of its rewards and
punishments. To achieve such
autonomy, a person has to learn to
provide rewards to herself.”
In a sense, Csikszentmihalyi transcends
Aristotle; he is telling us that
there are some activities that are not
about approach or avoidance, but about
something deeper: the fulfillment that
comes from absorption in an activity
outside yourself. “Psychological theories
usually assume that we are motivated
either by the need to eliminate an
497/929