quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-susan-cain

17.03.2023 Views

496/9295. I worry about making mistakes.But I believe that another importantexplanation for introverts who lovetheir work may come from a very differentline of research by the influentialpsychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyion the state of being he calls “flow.”Flow is an optimal state in which youfeel totally engaged in an activity—whetherlong-distance swimmingor songwriting, sumo wrestling or sex.In a state of flow, you’re neither borednor anxious, and you don’t questionyour own adequacy. Hours passwithout your noticing.The key to flow is to pursue an activityfor its own sake, not for the rewardsit brings. Although flow does not dependon being an introvert or an

extrovert, many of the flow experiencesthat Csikszentmihalyi writes about aresolitary pursuits that have nothing todo with reward-seeking: reading, tendingan orchard, solo ocean cruising.Flow often occurs, he writes, in conditionsin which people “become independentof the social environment tothe degree that they no longer respondexclusively in terms of its rewards andpunishments. To achieve suchautonomy, a person has to learn toprovide rewards to herself.”In a sense, Csikszentmihalyi transcendsAristotle; he is telling us thatthere are some activities that are notabout approach or avoidance, but aboutsomething deeper: the fulfillment thatcomes from absorption in an activityoutside yourself. “Psychological theoriesusually assume that we are motivatedeither by the need to eliminate an497/929

extrovert, many of the flow experiences

that Csikszentmihalyi writes about are

solitary pursuits that have nothing to

do with reward-seeking: reading, tending

an orchard, solo ocean cruising.

Flow often occurs, he writes, in conditions

in which people “become independent

of the social environment to

the degree that they no longer respond

exclusively in terms of its rewards and

punishments. To achieve such

autonomy, a person has to learn to

provide rewards to herself.”

In a sense, Csikszentmihalyi transcends

Aristotle; he is telling us that

there are some activities that are not

about approach or avoidance, but about

something deeper: the fulfillment that

comes from absorption in an activity

outside yourself. “Psychological theories

usually assume that we are motivated

either by the need to eliminate an

497/929

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!