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avoiding others that seem to cause

pain—lie at the heart of all human

activity. As a group, extroverts tend to

be reward-seeking, but every human

being has her own mix of approach and

avoidance tendencies, and sometimes

the combination differs depending on

the situation. Indeed, many contemporary

personality psychologists would say

that threat-vigilance is more characteristic

of a trait known as “neuroticism”

than of introversion. The body’s reward

and threat systems also seem to work

independently of each other, so that the

same person can be generally sensitive,

or insensitive, to both reward and

threat.

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