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the choice of a small reward immediately

(a gift certificate from Amazon) or

a bigger gift certificate in two to four

weeks. Objectively, the bigger reward

in the near but not immediate future

was the more desirable option. But

many people went for the “I want it

now” choice—and when they did, a

brain scanner revealed that their reward

network was activated. Those

who held out for the larger reward two

weeks hence showed more activity in

the prefrontal cortex—the part of the

new brain that talks us out of sending

ill-considered e-mails and eating too

much chocolate cake. (A similar study

suggests that the former group tended

to be extroverts and the latter group

introverts.)

Back in the 1990s, when I was a junior

associate at a Wall Street law firm, I

found myself on a team of lawyers

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