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Roosevelts as surely as grazing herds

depend on their sensitive antelopes.

In addition to “shy” and “bold” animals,

and to “fast” and “slow” ones, biologists

sometimes speak of the “hawk”

and “dove” members of a given species.

Great tit birds, for example, some of

whom are much more aggressive than

others, often act like case studies in an

international relations class. These

birds feed on beech tree nuts, and in

years when nuts are scarce, the hawkish

female birds do better, just as you’d

expect, because they’re quick to

challenge nut-eating competitors to a

duel. But in seasons when there are

plenty of beech nuts to go around, the

female “doves”—who, incidentally,

tend to make more attentive mothers—do

better than the “hawks,” because

the hawks waste time and bodily

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