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behave, while the bullies steal their

patents by copying their behavior.”

Once in a while, a newspaper or TV

program runs a story about animal personalities,

casting shy behavior as unseemly

and bold behavior as attractive

and admirable. (That’s our kind of fruit

fly!) But Wilson, like Aron, believes that

both types of animals exist because

they have radically different survival

strategies, each of which pays off differently

and at different times. This is

what’s known as the trade-off theory of

evolution, in which a particular trait is

neither all good nor all bad, but a mix

of pros and cons whose survival value

varies according to circumstance.

“Shy” animals forage less often and

widely for food, conserving energy,

sticking to the sidelines, and surviving

when predators come calling. Bolder

animals sally forth, swallowed regularly

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