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embarrassment (head and eyes down);

shame/embarrassment plus a blush;

neutral; or neutral with a blush. Then

they were asked to rate how sympathetic

and trustworthy the transgressors

were.

It turned out that the offenders who

blushed were judged a lot more positively

than those who didn’t. This was

because the blush signified concern for

others. As Dacher Keltner, a psychologist

at the University of California,

Berkeley, who specializes in positive

emotions, put it to the New York Times,

“A blush comes online in two or three

seconds and says, ‘I care; I know I violated

the social contract.’ ”

In fact, the very thing that many

high-reactives hate most about blushing—its

uncontrollability—is what

makes it so socially useful. “Because it

is impossible to control the blush

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