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challenging word game in which they

had to learn, through trial and error,

the governing principle of the game.

While playing, they wore headphones

that emitted random bursts of noise.

They were asked to adjust the volume

of their headsets up or down to the

level that was “just right.” On average,

the extroverts chose a noise level of 72

decibels, while the introverts selected

only 55 decibels. When working at the

volume that they had selected—loud

for the extroverts, quiet for the introverts—the

two types were about

equally aroused (as measured by their

heart rates and other indicators). They

also played equally well.

When the introverts were asked to

work at the noise level preferred by the

extroverts, and vice versa, everything

changed. Not only were the introverts

over-aroused by the loud noise, but they

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