quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-susan-cain

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Schwartz’s research suggestssomething important: we can stretchour personalities, but only up to apoint. Our inborn temperaments influenceus, regardless of the lives we lead.A sizable part of who we are is ordainedby our genes, by our brains, byour nervous systems. And yet the elasticitythat Schwartz found in some of thehigh-reactive teens also suggests theconverse: we have free will and can useit to shape our personalities.These seem like contradictory principles,but they are not. Free will cantake us far, suggests Dr. Schwartz’s research,but it cannot carry us infinitelybeyond our genetic limits. Bill Gates isnever going to be Bill Clinton, no matterhow he polishes his social skills, andBill Clinton can never be Bill Gates, nomatter how much time he spends alonewith a computer.342/929

We might call this the “rubber bandtheory” of personality. We are like rubberbands at rest. We are elastic andcan stretch ourselves, but only so much.343/929To understand why this might be so forhigh-reactives, it helps to look at whathappens in the brain when we greet astranger at a cocktail party. Rememberthat the amygdala, and the limbic systemof which it’s a key part, is an ancientpart of the brain—so old thatprimitive mammals have their own versionsof this system. But as mammalsbecame more complex, an area of thebrain called the neocortex developedaround the limbic system. The neocortex,and particularly the frontal cortexin humans, performs an astonishing

Schwartz’s research suggests

something important: we can stretch

our personalities, but only up to a

point. Our inborn temperaments influence

us, regardless of the lives we lead.

A sizable part of who we are is ordained

by our genes, by our brains, by

our nervous systems. And yet the elasticity

that Schwartz found in some of the

high-reactive teens also suggests the

converse: we have free will and can use

it to shape our personalities.

These seem like contradictory principles,

but they are not. Free will can

take us far, suggests Dr. Schwartz’s research,

but it cannot carry us infinitely

beyond our genetic limits. Bill Gates is

never going to be Bill Clinton, no matter

how he polishes his social skills, and

Bill Clinton can never be Bill Gates, no

matter how much time he spends alone

with a computer.

342/929

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