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According to Jay Belsky, a leading

proponent of this view and a psychology

professor and child care expert at

the University of London, the reactivity

of these kids’ nervous systems makes

them quickly overwhelmed by childhood

adversity, but also able to benefit

from a nurturing environment more

than other children do. In other words,

orchid children are more strongly affected

by all experience, both positive

and negative.

Scientists have known for a while

that high-reactive temperaments come

with risk factors. These kids are especially

vulnerable to challenges like marital

tension, a parent’s death, or abuse.

They’re more likely than their peers to

react to these events with depression,

anxiety, and shyness. Indeed, about a

quarter of Kagan’s high-reactive kids

suffer from some degree of the

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