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high-reactive nervous system. One theory,

based on the writings of the sociobiologist

E. O. Wilson, holds that

when our ancestors lived on the savannah,

being watched intently meant only

one thing: a wild animal was stalking

us. And when we think we’re about to

be eaten, do we stand tall and hold

forth confidently? No. We run. In other

words, hundreds of thousands of years

of evolution urge us to get the hell off

the stage, where we can mistake the

gaze of the spectators for the glint in a

predator’s eye. Yet the audience expects

not only that we’ll stay put, but that

we’ll act relaxed and assured. This conflict

between biology and protocol is

one reason that speechmaking can be

so fraught. It’s also why exhortations to

imagine the audience in the nude don’t

help nervous speakers; naked lions are

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