quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-susan-cain

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developed serious, careful personalities.The low-reactive infants—the quietones—were more likely to have becomerelaxed and confident types. High andlow reactivity tended to correspond, inother words, to introversion and extroversion.As Kagan mused in his 1998book, Galen’s Prophecy, “Carl Jung’s descriptionsof the introvert and extrovert,written over seventy-five yearsago, apply with uncanny accuracy to aproportion of our high- and low-reactiveadolescents.”Kagan describes two of those adolescents—reservedTom and extrovertedRalph—and the differences between thetwo are striking. Tom, who was unusuallyshy as a child, is good at school,watchful and quiet, devoted to his girlfriendand parents, prone to worry, andloves learning on his own and thinkingabout intellectual problems. He plans to294/929

be a scientist. “Like … other famous introvertswho were shy children,” writesKagan, comparing Tom to T. S. Eliotand the mathematician-philosopher AlfredNorth Whitehead, Tom “haschosen a life of the mind.”Ralph, in contrast, is relaxed and selfassured.He engages the interviewerfrom Kagan’s team as a peer, not as anauthority figure twenty-five years hissenior. Though Ralph is very bright, herecently failed his English and scienceclasses because he’d been goofingaround. But nothing much bothers Ralph.He admits his flaws cheerfully.Psychologists often discuss the differencebetween “temperament” and “personality.”Temperament refers to inborn,biologically based behavioral andemotional patterns that are observablein infancy and early childhood; personalityis the complex brew that emerges295/929

developed serious, careful personalities.

The low-reactive infants—the quiet

ones—were more likely to have become

relaxed and confident types. High and

low reactivity tended to correspond, in

other words, to introversion and extroversion.

As Kagan mused in his 1998

book, Galen’s Prophecy, “Carl Jung’s descriptions

of the introvert and extrovert,

written over seventy-five years

ago, apply with uncanny accuracy to a

proportion of our high- and low-reactive

adolescents.”

Kagan describes two of those adolescents—reserved

Tom and extroverted

Ralph—and the differences between the

two are striking. Tom, who was unusually

shy as a child, is good at school,

watchful and quiet, devoted to his girlfriend

and parents, prone to worry, and

loves learning on his own and thinking

about intellectual problems. He plans to

294/929

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