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importance. You must give it the time

and energy and thoroughness it

deserves.”

And so Mr. Osborn did. He wrote several

books during the 1940s and 1950s,

in fact, each tackling a problem that

had vexed him in his capacity as head

of BBDO: his employees were not creative

enough. They had good ideas, Osborn

believed, but were loath to share

them for fear of their colleagues’

judgment.

For Osborn, the solution was not to

have his employees work alone, but

rather to remove the threat of criticism

from group work. He invented the

concept of brainstorming, a process in

which group members generate ideas in

a nonjudgmental atmosphere. Brainstorming

had four rules:

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