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According to a 2002 nationwide survey

of more than 1,200 fourth- and

eighth-grade teachers, 55 percent of

fourth-grade teachers prefer cooperative

learning, compared to only 26 percent

who favor teacher-directed

formats. Only 35 percent of fourthgrade

and 29 percent of eighth-grade

teachers spend more than half their

classroom time on traditional instruction,

while 42 percent of fourth-grade

and 41 percent of eighth-grade teachers

spend at least a quarter of class time on

group work. Among younger teachers,

small-group learning is even more popular,

suggesting that the trend will continue

for some time to come.

The cooperative approach has politically

progressive roots—the theory is

that students take ownership of their

education when they learn from one

another—but according to elementary

231/929

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