KADOKA PRESS - Pioneer Review

Agriculture … 

Winner Regional Extension Center 

Bob Fanning, Plant Pathology Field Specialist • 605-842-1267 

2012 Wheat GDD Ahead of 

Normal; Frost Damage? 

As the warm winter of 2011-12 

transitioned to a warm spring, a 

common topic of conversation has 

been the winter wheat getting too 

big too fast. The threat of a late 

spring frost, when wheat is in an 

advanced growth stage and impacts 

to yields are greater is still 

possible. 

To determine how far ahead of 

normal the 2012 winter wheat 

crop is; visit the South Dakota 

“Automatic Weather Data Network 

(AWDN) archived degree 

days” website: http://climate.sdstate.edu/awdn/archive/degreedays.asp. 

Choose the time period 

you are interested in and the automatic 

weather station you would 

like to calculate Growing Degree 

Days (GDD) for. For wheat GDD, 

enter 32 in the GDD box and 95/32 

in the methods boxes. 

Wheat GDD advanced early and 

quickly in 2012 compared to normal 

in most or all locations in 

South Dakota. At the Hamill, SD 

AWDN, from February 1 to April 

10, accumulated wheat GDD were 

934, compared to the normal level 

of 510. With a normal accumulation 

of wheat GDD of 15 per day 

for this time of year, one can calculate 

that winter wheat development 

is approximately 4 weeks 

ahead of normal. 

The growth stages of wheat are 

not strictly tied to, but highly dependent 

on GDD. The early and 

rapid progress of wheat GDD in 

2012 has led to winter wheat 

growth stages advancing much 

earlier in the year than normal. 

The progress of wheat growth 

stages is also affected by the photoperiod 

(length of day) and vernalization 

(cold temperature) 

requirements of various varieties. 

Data for accumulated GDD for the 

various growth stages of wheat can 

be found in the Montana State 

University publication, “Using 

Growing Degree Days to Predict 

Plant Stages.”: http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT200103AG.pdf. 

Reports of early-planted winter 

wheat beginning to joint in southcentral 

South Dakota began coming 

in as early as April 6. With 50% 

probability of the last spring frost 

(28 degrees F) ranging from mid- 

April to Mid-May across most of 

the wheat growing area in South 

Dakota, plenty of opportunity remains 

for damaging frosts to occur. 

The last spring frost can also occur 

later than the “50% probability” 

SDSU Extension 

forestry specialist 

discusses freeze, 

tree health 

After the April 9 freeze, many 

South Dakotan's are asking, "What 

will last night's freeze do to my 

trees?" 

Not as much as you think, is 

John Ball's answer. 

The SDSU professor, SDSU Extension 

Forestry Specialist and the 

South Dakota Department of Agriculture, 

Forestry Health Specialist, 

says some of the tree's foliage will 

recover, some foliage will show 

blackened margins but otherwise 

recover, and some trees will lose 

most of their leaves from the frost - 

however, the good news is much of 

this foliage will be replaced. 

"The tender foliage on trees that 

are leafing out is sensitive to freeze 

injury and I already saw some wilting 

leaves this morning, however, 

fortunately many tree species to 

have a "reserve chute" and will put 

out a second set of leaves in the 

next few weeks to replace the lost 

ones," Ball said. 

He adds, "We saw this about 

three years ago in the north-central 

part of the state and the trees recovered 

just fine. The biggest problem 

will be the flowering trees." 

Ball explains that once the flowers 

are killed, that's it. 

"You will not get replacement 

flowers this spring, so the loss of 

the flowers means no fruit this fall 

on the pears and plums that are in 

bloom right now," he said. "At least 

in the northern half of the state the 

apples have not bloomed yet so 

they should be fine. But in the 

southern half of South Dakota, 

where the apples were blooming, 

we may see less fruit set on apples 

as well as the other fruit tree 

crops." 

For more information and answers 

to tree-related questions, 

visit iGrow.org. 

Newsprint 

End Rolls 

$5.00 each 

Kadoka Press 

dates, and an analysis conducted 

by SDSU Extension Climatologists 

suggests that late spring frosts are 

more common following dry winters. 

The Kansas State University 

publication: “Spring Freeze Injury 

to Kansas Wheat”: 

http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/cr 

psl2/c646.pdf is an excellent resource 

to assess freeze injury to 

wheat. The growth stages, approximate 

temperature (duration of 2 

hours) at which injury occurs, and 

yield effects are: tillering – 12 degrees 

F, slight to moderate; jointing 

– 24 degrees F, moderate to 

severe; boot – 28 degrees F, moderate 

to severe; heading – 30 degrees 

F, severe; flowering – 30 degrees F, 

severe; milk – 28 degrees F, moderate 

to severe; and dough – 28 degrees 

F, slight to moderate. 

For more information, visit 

http://igrow.org/ or contact your 

Regional Extension Center. 

Buckbrush (Western 

Snowberry) Control 

A question recently came in regarding 

control of buckbrush, or 

western snowberry in pastures. 

Herbicides rated “Good” for buckbrush 

control in “Weed Control in 

Pasture & Range” include 2,4-D, 

Escort and Chaparral. This and 

other publications in the SDSU 

Weed Control factsheet series are 

available at your Extension Center 

or online at: 

http://www.sdstate.edu/ps/extension/weed-mgmt/weed-mgmtpubs.cfm. 

Calendar 

4/27-29/2012: State 4-H Shoot, 

Expo Center, Ft. Pierre, SD 

5/1-2/2012: Growing SD Conference, 

Brookings, SD 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

April 19, 2012 • Kadoka Press • Page 8 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

Controlling meal costs tips 

There are many ways to stretch 

your food dollar. Everyone wants to 

get their money’s worth in food 

these days. Healthful eating 

doesn’t have to cost more. It might 

even cost less. Healthy foods give 

you more value for your dollar. 

Controlling food costs wisely involves 

careful grocery shopping. 

You will spend more if you are hungry, 

so try to eat something before 

you go shopping. Consider shopping 

alone; it may allow you more 

time to read labels and compare 

prices if you aren’t distracted by 

family members. Read labels so 

you’ll know what you are paying 

for. Compare cost of similar food 

items by using unit pricing. To find 

the best buy, you need to compare 

the costs of the amounts you need 

for a meal or for a serving. 

Planning ahead will assist you 

in spending less on food. Write a 

weekly meal plan. It should include 

all daily meals plus snacks and 

even those eaten away from home. 

Try to include at least one “planned 

over” meal per week to use leftover 

food from another meal. Check 

your fridge and cupboards to see 

what you already have on hand, 

then make a shopping list and stick 

to it. 

When shopping, choose basic, 

nutritious foods rather than readyto-eat, 

highly processed and refined 

foods. Foods that are more conven- 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

� �� 

� �� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

ient usually cost more. As an example, 

consider choosing unsweetened 

fruit juice, water or low fat milk instead 

of soft drinks. Another option 

would be to select homemade, 

lightly salted popcorn, dry roasted 

nuts or natural nuts, instead of 

snack chips. Try to shop just once a 

week. It’s easier to make wise 

choices if you shop less often. Use 

coupons for foods you really want. 

A food isn’t a good deal if no one 

eats it. 

Sometimes processed foods are 

less expensive, but they are usually 

higher in fat, sugar, salt and artificial 

ingredients and lower in vitamins, 

minerals and fiber. These 

types of foods are fine to eat once in 

a while, but you should plan to select 

more nutritious foods to eat 

daily. 

Food is a manageable expense, 

so it can be a focus for reduced 

spending when money is tight. By 

planning ahead and managing 

your money wisely, you can still 

serve meals that are delicious and 

nutritious. Go to http://www.mealsmatter.org/MealPlanning/ 

for meal 

planning tools created to make 

healthy meal planning easier for 

your family. 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

� �� 

--by Ann Schwader, Nutrition 

Field Specialist 

SDSU Extension-Winner Regional 

Extension Center 

E-mail us at: 

press@kadokatelco.com 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

213 BLACK ANGUS BULLS: MEHLHAF ANGUS; NATHAN MEHLHAF; DENNIS 

YOUNGERBERG; DANA YOUNGERBERG; MILLER ANGUS FARM; THOMAS RANCH; 

K&B HEREFORDS; PROFIT MAKER BULLS; RANSOM ANGUS; LONNIE MAYER; 

RUNNING J ANGUS; ONE PENNY RANCH; BUNKER CATTLE CO.; DRYSDALE 

FARMS; FRANK BRAND; CHESTNUT ANGUS; SUTFIN CATTLE CO.; WIESELER 

ANGUS 

66 RED ANGUS BULLS: THOMAS RANCH; NELSON RED ANGUS; HOMESTAKE 

RANCH; NEMEC RED ANGUS; HAUGE VALLEY RED ANGUS; SUTPHIN CATTLE 

CO.; RAFTER RS ANGUS 

28 CHAROLAIS BULLS: THOMAS RANCH; MDL FARMS; ONE PENNY RANCH; 

C&B CHAROLAIS; TOPP LAND & CATTLE; SUTPHIN CATTLE CO.; RAFTER RS 

CATTLE 

47 HEREFORD BULLS: THORSON HEREFORDS; MILLIGAN HEREFORDS; K&B 

HEREFORDS; HELBLING HEREFORDS; HOVLAND HEREFORDS 

8 LIMOUSIN BULLS: BRUNER LIMOUSIN; SUTPHIN CATTLE CO. 

1 SIMMENTAL BULL: ONE PENNY RANCH 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

For $150, place your ad in 150 

South Dakota daily & weekly 

papers through the … 

STATEWIDE CLASSIFIEDS! 

Call 605•837•2259 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

� �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

��

Previous page

Next page

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

KADOKA PRESS - Pioneer Review

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?