The Zero Delusion v0.99x
Zero signifies absence or an amount of no dimension and allegedly exemplifies one of humanity's most splendid insights. Nonetheless, it is a questionable number. Why did algebra embrace zero and dismiss infinity despite representing symmetric and complementary concepts? Why is zero exceptional in arithmetic? Is zero a "real" point? Has it a geometrical meaning? Is zero naturalistic? Is it universal? Digit 0 is unnecessary in positional notation (e.g., bijective numeration). The uniform distribution is unreachable, transmitting nill bits of information is impossible, and communication is never error-free. Zero is elusive in thermodynamics, quantum field theory, and cosmology. A minimal fundamental extent is plausible but hard to accept because of our acquaintance with zero. Mathematical zeroes are semantically void (e.g., empty set, empty sum, zero vector, zero function, unknot). Because "division by zero" and "identically zero" are uncomputable, we advocate for the nonzero algebraic numbers to build new physics that reflects nature's countable character. In a linear scale, we must handle zero as the smallest possible nonzero rational or the limit of an asymptotically vanishing sequence of rationals. Instead, zero is a logarithmic scale's pointer to a being's property via log(1)). The exponential function, which decodes the encoded data back to the linear scale, is crucial to understanding the Lie algebra-group correspondence, the Laplace transform, linear fractional transformations, and the notion of conformality. Ultimately, we define a "coding space" as a doubly conformal transformation realm of zero-fleeing hyperbolic geometry that keeps the structural and scaling relationships of the world.
Zero signifies absence or an amount of no dimension and allegedly exemplifies one of humanity's most splendid insights. Nonetheless, it is a questionable number. Why did algebra embrace zero and dismiss infinity despite representing symmetric and complementary concepts? Why is zero exceptional in arithmetic? Is zero a "real" point? Has it a geometrical meaning? Is zero naturalistic? Is it universal? Digit 0 is unnecessary in positional notation (e.g., bijective numeration). The uniform distribution is unreachable, transmitting nill bits of information is impossible, and communication is never error-free. Zero is elusive in thermodynamics, quantum field theory, and cosmology. A minimal fundamental extent is plausible but hard to accept because of our acquaintance with zero. Mathematical zeroes are semantically void (e.g., empty set, empty sum, zero vector, zero function, unknot). Because "division by zero" and "identically zero" are uncomputable, we advocate for the nonzero algebraic numbers to build new physics that reflects nature's countable character. In a linear scale, we must handle zero as the smallest possible nonzero rational or the limit of an asymptotically vanishing sequence of rationals. Instead, zero is a logarithmic scale's pointer to a being's property via log(1)). The exponential function, which decodes the encoded data back to the linear scale, is crucial to understanding the Lie algebra-group correspondence, the Laplace transform, linear fractional transformations, and the notion of conformality. Ultimately, we define a "coding space" as a doubly conformal transformation realm of zero-fleeing hyperbolic geometry that keeps the structural and scaling relationships of the world.
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universe (or multiverse) is natural, say due to a direct cause or the outcome of
an evolutionary process, we can expect its stuff to be also natural and ask, where
is zero?
On the one hand, zero is anything but naturalistic, unlike any other whole
number, because it has no physical counterpart. Interactions and transactions
always exchange nonzero stuff in physics, chemistry, biology, or sociology. On the
other hand, zero is a potential source of human knowledge. Primates, crows [96],
and bees [126] also catch some aspects of emptiness. However, is this zero-like
sense [9] a "perception of absence" or a "lack of perception"?
No phenomenology offers evidence that zero is objectively true, which suggests
that the animal world plausibly grasps zero as a posteriori knowledge
(learned by experience), specifically as the logical complement to the presence
of "something" of a class instead of a simple null numbering of elements. We uphold
this idea because zero is not innate in humans, as deduced from the history
of zero and research projects proving that it is hard to integrate into our mental
schemes [120]. Perhaps, we harness this tool supposedly unique to humans in
the form of a somewhat different mathematical entity, say the asymptote of a
vanishing sequence. For example, is a derivative "identically zero" or the limit of
a tangent with no slope? Alternatively, we might take zero as a sheer tiny gap;
mind the linear algebra’s dual numbers a + bε to see how to formally extend a
number a by adjoining a multiple b of the nonzero differentiation unit ε with
vanishing ε n for a natural number n > 1 [10].
Our inability to acknowledge that zero is unreachable has delayed advancement
in physics. The fact that the "introduction of gravity into quantum field
theory appears to spoil their renormalizability and leads to incurable divergences"
[79] has finally induced us to explore a fundamental limit to the resolution
of spacetime. A Minimal History [80] chronologically examines the various
approaches and tentative values, as well as several thought experiments related
to Quantum Gravity (QG), concluding that the Planck length restrains the precision
of distance measurements, regardless of the observable; to wit, lapse, position,
radius, wavelength, string spread, connection distance, slit diameter, crosssection,
deformation parameter, surface area, particle size, cell volume, sprinkling
density, or lattice resolution. Near the Planck length, we enter a realm
of intractable natural indeterminacy, whence unpredictability. Still, a nonzero
curvature radius at least makes finding a helpful metric possible.
Information theory (IT) also provides evidence that the essential attributes
of a system cannot be nil. Assuming that "every physical quantity, every it,
derives its ultimate significance from bits" [178], our rationale is twofold.
First, a natural code must store numbers efficiently, implementing some form
of PN to concentrate more or less information in every numeral’s place depending
on its position, the attribute, and context [183]. The omnipresence of Benford’s
law [16,17] and the amazing Gauss–Kuzmin distribution [174] confirm this presupposition.
"It’s a Logarithmic World" [70], where the properties of a system
are data spaces to record information on a logarithmic (or harmonic-number)
scale. Since reserving space for a null feature is wasteful, zero does not need a