The Zero Delusion v0.99x

ageable infinite quantity that resists an appropriate interpretation and impedes
deriving new results. True singularities are hypothetically possible but also the
primary source of criticism of GR. Specifically, the Penrose-Hawking singularity
theorems consider singularities inescapable, although they are invisible to us
outside of a black hole or even to an infalling observer [71,72,74]. If singularities
were genuine, they would perhaps reside within an elementary particle, as
virtual particles, a black hole, or any other elusive form [82], a possibility that
contrasts with their historical lack of evidence.
The surge of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) seemed to be able to overcome
the theoretical problem. Even though a field’s value can be zero everywhere classically,
our quantum universe cannot obliterate a field’s uncertainty. According
to QFT, which rules the Standard Model of Particle physics, quantum fields
are quantities of critical features of spacetime that at every point continually
fluctuate in their lowest energy state; the vacuum of a quantum field is unstable,
vibrating around a ground level represented by a positive minimum-energy
configuration. QFT can manage these fields separately by employing regularization
and renormalization techniques based on fitting parameters [77,112], usually
cutoff regulators, that attenuate singularities of observables and control
self-interaction loops to absorb divergences, giving rise to "effective theories".
For instance, adjustable infinitesimal distances allow calculating the particles’
specific mass and charge.
Nevertheless, this "quantum fuzziness" [193] is "not enough to deal with the
1/r 2 singularity in the gravitational force." In other words, an effective theory
of QG can be consistent but lacks predictive power because new infinities never
stop arising. To worsen things, the aggregation and integration of the so-called
vacuum’s zero-point energy density oscillations associated with every quantum
field contribute to the cosmological constant with a magnitude whose theoretical
value is ridiculously greater than the experimental data; the observed value of
the cosmological constant [137] beats zero slightly but significantly, begetting a
mild curvature of spacetime.
The experimental elusiveness of zero and the fundamental incongruency of a
singularity are enormous obstacles urging physicists to devise a theory of gravity
in conformity with GR and Quantum Theory [149,145,109]. Finitism is a must
because [177] "When Bohr tells us that quantum theory gives us the only objective
description of nature of which one can possibly conceive, is he not also
telling us that no description can make sense which is not founded upon the
finite? [...] Encounter with the quantum has taught us, however, that we acquire
our knowledge in bits; that the continuum is forever beyond our reach." This
reasoning suggests a route to arrive at a QG theory that combines the functional
definition of quantum action, the feasibility of countable discreteness, and
a constructive and practical concept of probability.
The unifying thread of this approach is Feynman’s Path Integral formulation
of the Principle of Stationary Action. The probability of an event is a mean of
the occurrence probabilities for the finitely countable possible ways, i.e., paths,
to fulfill the event, e.g., a trajectory between two points or a transformation