90 ECCLESIASTES Israel's kings, and that Herod built reservoirs, uses this allusion as an argument for the Herodian date of the book. DT] is omitted by Ha. on account of the metrical exigency. "i:na is, it is true, usually not fol- lowed by D^D in BH., but Nah. 2 9 presents a parallel in favor of the present reading. DHL] is used after nona for pa. There is considerable inaccuracy in BH. as to the agreement in gender in such cases. Cf. Ges. K- npix. Cf. Ges.K - i45u. See also below on 2 10 . &v;\ is ace. after the intrans. nyy. 7. njp], " to gain possession of ," was used with IDDa for "buying" (e.g., Am. 8 6 Is. 43 24 ), and then came to mean "buy" when used without ion (cf. Gn. 39! 47 23 Ex. 2i l 2 S. i2 3 , etc.). no ->ja] are slaves born of slaves already in the master's possession (cf. Gn. i5 2 ). The usual expression for this is no n>S^ 12 - 13 - See Gn. 14" i7 23 - 27 and Je. 2 14 . n\-i no ^a] is a phrase with a pi. sub. and a sing. pred. Ty. thought the expression a collective, but Ges. K (i45u) and K6. (349g) explain it better as a case where the sing, dependent gen. has attracted the verb to its number. One MS. has corrected to -vn (cf. Dr.). n^pp] was read as a const, njpp by
QOHELETH'S EXPERIMENTS [Cn. l 12 -^ 2* makes it probable that nirtn is gen. after n^JD in spite of the article. njinn itself, although it occurs once as early as i K. 20", 91 is an Aram, word, from ft. Its primary meaning is "place of judgment," but it is used in the sense of "province" (cf. EDB. Esi. j 1 - 3 - 22 12 - " 3 La. i>- Ne. i 3 ii 3 Dn. 8 2 n 24 , etc.). Bick. (p. 10) rejects the words nSjoi nunnn as a gloss, because the exigencies of his metrical theory demand it. nijuyn] occurs in Mi. 2 9 Pr. ig 10 and BS. 4I 1 in the sense of " pleasures," "luxuries." With this the Talmudic usage corresponds, cf. BDE., Ja., sub -voce. nn^i mir] the sing, of a word followed by its pi. or masc. followed by fern, is used to denote totality, cf. Ges.K- i22v and Ko. 91. As to the meaning of these words the greatest diversity of opinion has prevailed. (& and 6 read olvo-^bov Kal o^o%6as, "male and female cupbearers" (i.e., rVnfcn rnir, cf. sub. voce) a reading sup- ported by 32, & and K. 'A. read KV\IKIOV Kal Kv\litia, "a cup and cups." Similarly H rendered "scyphos et urceos in ministerio ad vina fundenda." \ccording to Jer., S read "mensarum species et apposi- tiones." 51 rendered D'-Dn N>O inch jonni mate *OD pian pann, i.e., "tubes (siphons?) which pour forth cold water and tubes which pour forth hot water." The ancients accordingly understood the word to refer to the pleasures of the table in some way. Among modern interpreters Dat. supports this view. According to Gins., Ibn Melech interpreted the words to mean "ip.T. ^D, in which he was followed by Luther and AV. in: "musical instruments and that of all sorts." Dale, among recent interpreters, still holds to this. Ew. and Z6. derive the root from a word meaning "mass," "heap," and render "a heap and heaps." Heng. and Re. connect it with Ar. root shadda, robur, vehementia, and render "plenty of all sorts." Ra., whom Gr. follows, makes it refer to sedan-chairs. Most modern scholars take the words to refer to a harem and as completing the meaning rnjujrn, which is thought to refer to sexual pleasures (so Dod., Mic., Kn., Hit., Heil., Vaih., Wang., Ty., Gins., No., VI., Wr., PL. Eur., Wild., Sieg., McN., Gen., Marsh, and Ha.), though they differ as to the root from which it should be derived. Some connect it with sadda, "to hide," it supposing to be an appropriate reference to oriental women. Others, as Hit., derive it from sanada, "to lean upon"; so they suppose it to mean "bed," and hence "concubine." Others (e.g., Olshausen) derive it from std (Heb. TIP, "demon," As. "sidu, "bull-deity"), which in Ar. not only means "demon" (Spanish Cid), but also "lord," and sayyidat, "lady" (modern Ar. sitti). (In Talmud Babli, Gittin, y8a, it is said that in Palestine the word was understood to mean chests, or sedan-chairs, but in Babylon, demons, both male and female.) Ros. and Marsh, connect it with 1E', "the breast," and so reached the meaning "female," while Wr. and others derive it with more probability from -ntr, As. 'sadddu, "to love." Pr. (Kittel's Bib. Heb., p. 113711) supposes the original reading to ha,ve
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The international THERE Critical Co
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THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMENTA
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CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY
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MY BROTHER JOSHUA LINDLEY BARTON, M
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Am. ABBREVIATIONS II. BOOKS OF THE
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viii CONTENTS PAGE THE INTEGRITY OF
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\ VI PREFACE sheets of his Hebrew T
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THE INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMENTA
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Xll Kenn. Ki. Kn;. K6. Kue. Lag. Lu
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XIV ABBREVIATIONS n.
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2 ECCLESIASTES VIII, 429.) In the e
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4 ECCLESIASTES dispute, the pupil q
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6 ECCLESIASTES father-in-law of Rab
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8 ECCLESIASTES some Jewish scholars
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10 ECCLESIASTES it is probable that
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1 2 ECCLESIASTES known to Irenaeus
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14 ECCLESIASTES erable influence. A
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1 6 ECCLESIASTES by the people) wer
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1 8 ECCLESIASTES eddies and side cu
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20 ECCLESIASTES liked, every diffic
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22 ECCLESIASTES teenth century an i
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24 ECCLESIASTES # accounted for by
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26 ECCLESIASTES leaves, 6 8 ~7 22 a
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2 8 ECCLESIASTES of Ecclesiastes,"
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30 ECCLESIASTES Jerusalem, if king
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32 ECCLESIASTES 6. THE RELATION OF
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34 ECCLESIASTES 2. As to the possib
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. dictum matic_ogrtaintv of the_Sto
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38 ECCLESIASTES Upon a candid compa
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VARIETY OF PROVERBS [Cn. 7-" 141 al
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USELESSNESS OF EXTREMES [Cn.7 15- 2
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USELESSNESS OF EXTREMES [Cn.7 lfr-
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SEVERE JUDGMENT OF WOMEN [Cn. 7 23-
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REFLECTIONS ON DESPOTISM [Cn.8- 149
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1 *- 1 ' RESULTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS [
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l RESULTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS &OID. Th
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eyes KNOWLEDGE CANNOT BE OBTAINED [
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HOPELESSNESS OF HUMANITY'S END [Cn.
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PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE [Cn.9^-10 3 161
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PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE [Cu.9-10 3 8. Le
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PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE [CH.9'-10' 165 M
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PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE [Cn. Q'-IO 3 167
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ATTITUDE TOWARD RULERS [Cn. 10 4-20
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ATTITUDE TOWARD RULERS [Cn. 10
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ATTITUDE TOWARD RULERS [Cn. 10*-" 1
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ATTITUDE TOWARD RULERS [On. 10
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ATTITUDE TOWARD RULERS [Cn. 10, but
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 1H-12" 179 Daghes
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FINAL ADVICE [CH.lli-12* 181 ll l-1
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. ll'-12 183 climax
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 11-12 185 future,
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. ll'-12 187 after
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 11>-12 189 When t
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. FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 1H-128 191 by t
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 11 '-12" 193 this
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FINAL ADVICE [Cn. 1H-12* 195 "miser
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PRAISE OF QOHELETH [Cn. 12-' 197 I2
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PRAISE OF QOHELETH [Cn. 12- 199 Thi
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PRAISE OF QOHELETH [Cn. 12 2OI expr
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n3N, 104. INDEXES. I. HEBREW INDEX.
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cm Sa, 133. INDEX 207
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: ^ > 193- tfcir, 134. ruir (noun),
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Rashi (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac), 20
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