Current Population Survey Design and Methodology - Census Bureau

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An integer number of group quarters measures is calculated at the census block level. The number of group quarters measures is referred to as the GQ block MOS and is calculated as follows: where GQ block MOS = NIGQPOP (4)(2.59) + MIL + IGQ (3.4) NIGQPOP = the noninstitutionalized group quarters population in the block from Census 2000. MIL = the number of military barracks in the block from Census 2000. IGQ = 1 if one or more institutional group quarters are in the block or 0 if no institutional group quarters are in the block from Census 2000. The first term of equation (3.4) is rounded to the nearest nonzero integer. When the fractional part is 0.5 and the term is greater than 1, it is rounded to the nearest even integer. Only the civilian noninstitutionalized population is interviewed for CPS. Military barracks and institutional group quarters are given a chance of selection in case group quarters convert status over the decade. A military barrack or institutional group quarters is equivalent to one measure, regardless of the number of people counted there in Census 2000. Special situations in old construction. During development of the old construction frames, several situations are given special treatment. National park blocks are treated as if covered by a building permit office to increase the likelihood of being in the unit or group quarters frames to minimize costs. Blocks in American Indian Reservations are treated as if not covered by a building permit office and are put in the area frame to improve coverage. To improve coverage of newly constructed college housing, special procedures are used so blocks with existing college housing and small neighboring blocks are in the area frame. Blocks in Ohio which are covered by building permit offices that issue permits for only certain types of structures are treated as area nonpermit blocks. Two examples of blocks excluded from sampling frames are blocks consisting entirely of docked maritime vessels where crews reside and street locations where only homeless people were enumerated in Census 2000. Permit Frame Permit frame sampling ensures coverage of housing units built since Census 2000. The permit frame grows as building permits are issued during the decade. Data collected by the Building Permit Survey are used to update the permit frame monthly. About 92 percent of the population Current Population Survey TP66 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau lives in areas covered by building permit offices. Housing units built since Census 2000 in areas of the United States not covered by building permit offices have a chance of selection in the nonpermit portion of the area frame. Group quarters built since Census 2000 are generally not covered in the permit frame, although the area frame does pick up new group quarters. (This minor undercoverage is discussed in Chapter 16.) A permit measure, which is equivalent to a CPS USU, is formed within a permit date and a building permit office, resulting in a cluster containing an expected four newly built housing units. The integer number of permit measures is referred to as the BPOMOS and is calculated as follows: where BPOMOS t = HP t 4 (3.5) HP t = the total number of housing units for which the building permit office issues permits for a time period, t, normally a month; for example, a building permit office issued 2 permits for a total 24 housing units to be built in month t. BPOMOS for time period t is rounded to the nearest integer except when nonzero and less than 1, then it is rounded to 1. Permit cluster size varies according to the number of housing units for which permits are actually issued. Also, the number of housing units for which permits are issued may differ from the number of housing units that actually get built. When developing the permit frame, an attempt is made to ensure inclusion of all new housing units constructed after Census 2000. To do this, housing units for which building permits had been issued but which had not yet been constructed by the time of the census should be included in the permit frame. However, by including permits issued prior to Census 2000 in the permit frame, there is a risk that some of these units will have been built by the time of the census and, thus, included in the old construction frame. These units will then have two chances of selection in the CPS: one in the permit frame and one in the old construction frames. For this reason, permits issued too long before the census should not be included in the permit frame. However, excluding permits issued long before the census brings the risk of excluding units for which permits were issued but which had not yet been constructed by the time of the census. Such units will have no chance of selection in the CPS, since they are not included in either the permit or old construction frames. In developing the permit frame, an attempt is made to strike a reasonable balance between these two problems. Design of the Current Population Survey Sample 3–9
Summary of Sampling Frames Table 3–2 summarizes the features of the sampling frames and CPS USU size discussed above. Roughly 80 percent of the CPS sample is from the unit frame, 12 percent is from the area frame, and less than 1 percent is from the group quarters frame. In addition, about 6 percent of the sample is from the permit frame initially. The permit frame has grown, historically, about 1 percent a year. Optimal cluster size or USU composition differs for the demographic surveys. The unit frame allows each survey a choice of cluster size. For the area, group quarters, and permit frames, MOS must be defined consistently for all demographic surveys. Table 3–2. Summary of Sampling Frames Frame Unit frame High percentage of complete addresses in areas covered by a building permit office Group quarters frame High percentage of complete addresses in areas covered by a building permit office Area frame Area permit ...... Many incomplete addresses in areas covered by a building Typical characteristics of frame CPS USU permit office Area nonpermit . . Not covered by a building permit office Permit frame......... Housing units built since 2000 census in areas covered by a building permit office Selection of Sample Units Cluster of four addresses Measure containing group quarters of four expected housing unit equivalents Measure containing housing units and group quarters of four expected housing unit equivalents Cluster of four expected housing units The CPS sample is designed to be self-weighting by state or substate area. A systematic sample is selected from each PSU at a sampling rate of 1 in k, where k is the within-PSU sampling interval which is equal to the product of the PSU probability of selection and the stratum sampling interval. The stratum sampling interval is usually the overall state sampling interval. (See the earlier section in this chapter, ‘‘Calculation of overall state sampling interval.’’) The first stage of selection is conducted independently for each demographic survey involved in the 2000 redesign. Sample PSUs overlap across surveys and have different sampling intervals. To make sure housing units get selected for only one survey, the largest common geographic areas obtained when intersecting each survey’s sample PSUs are identified. These intersecting areas, as well as the residual areas of those PSUs, are called basic PSU components (BPCs). A CPS stratification PSU consists of one or more BPCs. For each survey, a within-PSU sample is selected from each frame within BPCs. However, sampling by BPCs is not an additional stage of selection. After combining sample from all frames for all BPCs in a PSU, the resulting within-PSU sample is representative of the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the PSU. When CPS is not the first survey to select a sample in a BPC, the CPS within-PSU sampling interval is decreased to maintain the expected CPS sample size after other surveys have removed sampled USUs. When a BPC does not include enough sample to support all surveys present in the BPC for the decade, each survey proportionally reduces its expected sample size for the BPC. This makes a state no longer self-weighting, but this adjustment is rare. CPS sample is selected separately within each sampling frame. Since sample is selected at a constant overall rate, the percentage of sample selected from each frame is proportional to population size. Although the procedure is the same for all sampling frames, old construction sample selection is performed once for the decade while permit frame sample selection is an ongoing process each month throughout the decade. Within-PSU Sort Units or measures are arranged within sampling frames based on characteristics of Census 2000 and geography. Sorting minimizes within-PSU variance of estimates by grouping together units or measures with similar characteristics. The Census 2000 data and geography are used to sort blocks and units. (Sorting is done within BPCs since sampling is performed within BPCs.) The unit frame is sorted on block level characteristics, keeping housing units in each block together, and then by a housing unit identification to sort the housing units geographically. General Sampling Procedure The CPS sampling in the unit frame and GQ frame is a onetime operation that involves selecting enough sample for the decade. In the area and permit frames, sampling is a continuous operation. To accommodate the CPS rotation system and the phasing in of new sample designs, 21 samples are selected. A systematic sample of USUs is selected and 20 adjacent sample USUs identified. The group of 21 sample USUs is known as a hit string. Due to the sorting variables, persons residing in USUs within a hit string are likely to have similar labor force characteristics. The within-PSU sample selection is performed independently by BPC and frame. Four dependent random numbers (one per frame) between 0 and 1 are calculated for each BPC within a PSU. 8 Random numbers are used to calculate random starts. Random starts determine the first sampled USU in a BPC for each frame. 8 Random numbers are evenly distributed by frame within BPC and by BPC within PSU to minimize variability of sample size. 3–10 Design of the Current Population Survey Sample Current Population Survey TP66 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau
Page 1 and 2: Design and Methodology Current Popu
Page 3 and 4: U.S. Department of Labor Elaine L.
Page 5 and 6: Foreword The Current Population Sur
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Chapter 9. Data Preparatio
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Figures 3-1 CPS Rotation C
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1. Background The Current P
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2. History of the Current P
Page 15 and 16: in small circles with an ordinary l
Page 17 and 18: was added as a control to the Hispa
Page 19 and 20: More detailed information on these
Page 21 and 22: social and economic characteristics
Page 23 and 24: d. Stratification is performed inde
Page 25 and 26: Calculation of overall state sampli
Page 27: use of census information to reduce
Page 31 and 32: Examples of Post-Sampling Code Assi
Page 33 and 34: 2. The sample for 1 month is compos
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 4. Preparation of the Sampl
Page 37 and 38: Even without geographic clustering,
Page 39 and 40: Permit listing. Listing in the perm
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 5. Questionnaire Concepts a
Page 43 and 44: Employed citizens of foreign countr
Page 45 and 46: ‘‘What are all of the things yo
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 6. Design of the Current Po
Page 49 and 50: Item Response Analysis The primary
Page 51 and 52: Industry and occupation—Dependent
Page 53 and 54: months. For people reported to be l
Page 55 and 56: Oksenberg, L., C. Cannell, and G. K
Page 57 and 58: Figure 7−1. Introductory Letter 7
Page 59 and 60: Figure 7-3. Noninterviews: Main Ite
Page 61 and 62: Figure 7-5. Summary Table for Deter
Page 63 and 64: eason, the CATI facilities generall
Page 65 and 66: Figure 7-9. Interviewing Results (S
Page 67 and 68: transmitted directly to the compute
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 9. Data Preparation INTRODU
Page 71 and 72: Demographic-related recodes are cre
Page 73 and 74: sample unit (person or household) b
Page 75 and 76: still be associated with the state-
Page 77 and 78: Weights After National Coverage Adj
Page 79 and 80:
Table 10−4: Second-Stage Adjustme
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Iteration 2: (Repeat steps above be
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1. For each state 7 and the Distric
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Production of monthly, quarterly, a
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for national CPS labor force series
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Chapter 11. Current Population Surv
Page 91 and 92:
Table 11-1. Current Population Surv
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have completed their eighth and fin
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Table 11−3. Summary of 2004 ASEC
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Current Population Survey TP66 U.S.
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 12. Data Products From the
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Table 12-1. Bureau of Labor Statist
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Chapter 13. Overview of Data Qualit
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For example, we now recognize that
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the other panel in the SR SECU or N
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means that the estimates of varianc
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Table 14-2. Components of Variance
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Table 14-4. Effect of Compositing o
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Wolter, K. (1984), ‘‘An Investi
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• Master Address File (MAF): The
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no RO review of group quarters list
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5. The questionnaire does not elici
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chance to answer; probing technique
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Chapter 16. Quality Indicators of N
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Figure 16−2. Average Yearly Type
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Table 16-3. Labor Force Status by I
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supposed to be done in person, the
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Figure 16−4. Basic CPS Household
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Appendix A Sample Preparation Mater
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Illustration 1. Segment Folder, BC-
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Illustration 3. Unit/Permit Listing
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Illustration 5. Unit/Permit Listing
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Illustration 7. Permit Sketch Map,
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group numbers are chosen for deleti
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demographic components often cited
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2. The CPS control universe exclude
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A concern exists relative to the co
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The resulting race categories (Whit
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treat race and Hispanic origin as a
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REFERENCES Ahmed, B. and J. G. Robi
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Figure D-1. Map D-2 Organization an
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This report provides the supervisor
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Appendix E. Reinterview: Design and
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Acronyms ADS Annual Demographic Sup
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Births—Con. total population C-4
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Estimates, population—Con. popula
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Listing checks 15-4 Listing Sheets
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Ratio adjustments—Con. second-sta
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Vacancy rates 11-2, 11-4 Variance e
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