Current Population Survey Design and Methodology - Census Bureau

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5. Put particular emphasis on providing reliable estimates of monthly levels and change over time of labor force items. USUs are the sample units selected during the second stage of the CPS sample design. As discussed earlier in this chapter, most USUs consist of a geographically compact cluster of approximately four addresses, corresponding to four housing units at the time of the census. Use of housing unit clusters lowers travel costs for field representatives. Clustering slightly increases within-PSU variance of estimates for some labor force characteristics since respondents within a compact cluster tend to have similar labor force characteristics. Overview of Sampling Sources To accomplish the objectives of within-PSU sampling, extensive use is made of data from the 2000 Decennial Census of Population and Housing and the Building Permit Survey. Census 2000 collected information on all living quarters existing as of April 1, 2000, including characteristics of living quarters as well as the demographic composition of people residing in these living quarters. Data on the economic well-being and labor force status of individuals were solicited for about 1 in 6 housing units. However, since the census does not cover housing units constructed since April 1, 2000, a sample of building permits issued in 2000 and later is used to supplement the census data. These data are collected via the Building Permit Survey, which is an ongoing survey conducted by the Census Bureau. Therefore, a list sample of census addresses, supplemented by a sample of building permits, is used in most of the United States. However, where city-type street addresses from Census 2000 do not exist, or where residential construction does not need or require building permits, area samples are sometimes necessary. (See the next section for more detail on the development of the sampling frames.) These sources provide sampling information for numerous demographic surveys conducted by the Census Bureau. 6 In consideration of respondents, sampling methodologies are coordinated among these surveys to ensure a sampled housing unit is selected for one survey only. Consistent definition of sampling frames allows the development of separate, optimal sampling schemes for each survey. The general strategy for each survey is to sort and stratify all the elements in the sampling frame (eligible and not eligible) to satisfy individual survey requirements, select a 6 CPS sample selection is coordinated with the following demographic surveys in the 2000 redesign: the American Housing Survey—Metropolitan sample, the American Housing Survey—National sample, the Consumer Expenditure Survey— Diary sample, the Consumer Expenditure Survey—Quarterly sample, the Current Point of Purchase Survey, the National Crime Victimization Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, the Rent and Property Tax Survey, and the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Current Population Survey TP66 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau systematic sample, and remove the selected sample from the frame. Sample is selected for the next survey from what remains. Procedures are developed to determine eligibility of sample cases at the time of interview for each survey. This coordinated sampling approach is computer intensive and was not possible in previous redesigns. 7 Development of Sampling Frames Results from Census 2000 and the Building Permit Survey, and the relationship between these two sources, are used to develop sampling frames. Four frames are created: the unit frame, the area frame, the group quarters frame, and the permit frame. The unit, area, and group quarters frames are collectively called old construction. To describe frame development methodology, several terms must be defined. Two types of living quarters were defined for the census. The first type is a housing unit. A housing unit is a group of rooms or a single room occupied as a separate living quarter or intended for occupancy as a separate living quarter. A separate living quarter is one in which the occupants live and eat separately from all other people on the property and have direct access to their living quarter from the outside or through a common hall or lobby as found in apartment buildings. A housing unit may be occupied by a family or one person, as well as by two or more unrelated people who share the living quarter. About 97 percent of the population counted in Census 2000 resided in housing units. The second type of living quarter is a group quarters. A group quarter is a living quarter where residents share common facilities or receive formally authorized care. Examples include college dormitories, retirement homes, and communes. For some group quarters, such as fraternity and sorority houses and certain types of group houses, a group quarter is distinguished from a housing unit if it houses ten or more unrelated people. The group quarters population is classified as institutional or noninstitutionalized and as military or civilian. CPS targets only the civilian noninstitutionalized population residing in group quarters. Military and institutional group quarters are included in the group quarters frame and given a chance of selection in case of conversion to civilian noninstitutionalized housing by the time it is scheduled for interview. Less than 3 percent of the population counted in Census 2000 resided in group quarters. Old Construction Frames Old construction consists of three sampling frames: unit, area, and group quarters. The primary objectives in constructing the three sampling frames are maximizing the 7 This sampling strategy is unbiased because if a random selection is removed from a frame, the part of the frame that remains is a random subset. Also, the sample elements selected and removed from each frame for a particular survey have similar characteristics as the elements remaining in the frame. Design of the Current Population Survey Sample 3–7
use of census information to reduce variance of estimates, ensure adequate coverage, and minimize cost. The sampling frames used in a particular geographic area take into account three major address features: 1. Type of living quarters—housing units or group quarters. 2. Completeness of addresses—complete or incomplete. 3. Building permit office coverage of the area—covered or not covered. An address is considered complete if it describes a specific location; otherwise, the address is considered incomplete. (When Census 2000 addresses cannot be used to locate sample units, area listings must be performed before sample units can be selected for interview. See Chapter 4 for more detail.) Examples of a complete address are city delivery types of mailing addresses composed of a house number, street name, and possibly a unit designation, such as ‘‘1599 Main Street’’ or ‘‘234 Elm Street, Apartment 601.’’ Examples of incomplete addresses are addresses composed of postal delivery information without indicating specific locations, such as ‘‘PO Box 123’’ or ‘‘Box 4’’ on a rural route. Housing units in complete blocks covered by building permit offices are assigned to the unit frame. Group quarters in complete blocks covered by building permit offices are assigned to the group quarters frame. Other blocks are assigned to the area frame. Unit frame. The unit frame consists of housing units in census blocks that contain a very high proportion of complete addresses and are essentially covered by building permit offices. The unit frame covers most of the population. A USU in the unit frame consists of a geographically compact cluster of four addresses, which are identified during sample selection. The addresses, in most cases, are those for separate housing units. However, over time some buildings may be demolished or converted to nonresidential use, and others may be split up into several housing units. These addresses remain sample units, resulting in a small variability in cluster size. Area frame. The area frame consists of housing units and group quarters in census blocks that contain a high proportion of incomplete addresses, or are not covered by building permit offices. A CPS USU in the area frame also consists of about four housing unit equivalents, except in some areas of Alaska that are difficult to access where a USU is eight housing unit equivalents. The area frame is converted into groups of four housing unit equivalents, called ‘‘measures,’’ because the census addresses of individual housing units or people within a group quarter are not used in the sampling. An integer number of area measures is calculated at the census block level. The number is referred to as the area block measure of size (MOS) and is calculated as follows: where area block MOS = H 4 +[GQ block MOS] (3.3) H = the number of housing units enumerated in the block for Census 2000. GQ block MOS = the integer number of group quarters measures in a block (see equation 3.4). The first term of equation (3.3) is rounded to the nearest nonzero integer. When the fractional part is 0.5 and the term is greater than 1, it is rounded to the nearest even integer. Sometimes census blocks are combined with geographically nearby blocks before the area block MOS is calculated. This is done to ensure that newly constructed units have a chance of selection in blocks with no housing units or group quarters at the time of the census and that are not covered by a building permit office. This also reduces the sampling variability caused when USU size differs from four housing unit equivalents for small blocks with fewer than four housing units. Depending on whether or not a block is covered by a building permit office, area frame blocks are classified as area permit or area nonpermit. No distinction is made between area permit and area nonpermit blocks during sampling. Field procedures are developed to ensure proper coverage of housing units built after Census 2000 in the area blocks to (1) prevent these housing units from having a chance of selection in area permit blocks and (2) give these housing units a chance of selection in area nonpermit blocks. These field procedures have the added benefit of assisting in keeping USU size constant as the number of housing units in the block increases because of new construction. Group quarters frame. The group quarters frame consists of group quarters in census blocks that contain a sufficient proportion of complete addresses and are essentially covered by building permit offices. Although nearly all blocks are covered by building permit offices, some are not, which may result in minor undercoverage. The group quarters frame covers a small proportion of the population. A CPS USU in the group quarters frame consists of four housing unit equivalents. The group quarters frame, like the area frame, is converted into housing unit equivalents because Census 2000 addresses of individual group quarters or people within a group quarter are not used in the sampling. The number of housing unit equivalents is computed by dividing the Census 2000 group quarters population by the average number of people per household (calculated from Census 2000 as 2.59). 3–8 Design of the Current Population Survey Sample Current Population Survey TP66 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau
Page 1 and 2: Design and Methodology Current Popu
Page 3 and 4: U.S. Department of Labor Elaine L.
Page 5 and 6: Foreword The Current Population Sur
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Chapter 9. Data Preparatio
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Figures 3-1 CPS Rotation C
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1. Background The Current P
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2. History of the Current P
Page 15 and 16: in small circles with an ordinary l
Page 17 and 18: was added as a control to the Hispa
Page 19 and 20: More detailed information on these
Page 21 and 22: social and economic characteristics
Page 23 and 24: d. Stratification is performed inde
Page 25: Calculation of overall state sampli
Page 29 and 30: Summary of Sampling Frames Table 3-
Page 31 and 32: Examples of Post-Sampling Code Assi
Page 33 and 34: 2. The sample for 1 month is compos
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 4. Preparation of the Sampl
Page 37 and 38: Even without geographic clustering,
Page 39 and 40: Permit listing. Listing in the perm
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 5. Questionnaire Concepts a
Page 43 and 44: Employed citizens of foreign countr
Page 45 and 46: ‘‘What are all of the things yo
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 6. Design of the Current Po
Page 49 and 50: Item Response Analysis The primary
Page 51 and 52: Industry and occupation—Dependent
Page 53 and 54: months. For people reported to be l
Page 55 and 56: Oksenberg, L., C. Cannell, and G. K
Page 57 and 58: Figure 7−1. Introductory Letter 7
Page 59 and 60: Figure 7-3. Noninterviews: Main Ite
Page 61 and 62: Figure 7-5. Summary Table for Deter
Page 63 and 64: eason, the CATI facilities generall
Page 65 and 66: Figure 7-9. Interviewing Results (S
Page 67 and 68: transmitted directly to the compute
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 9. Data Preparation INTRODU
Page 71 and 72: Demographic-related recodes are cre
Page 73 and 74: sample unit (person or household) b
Page 75 and 76: still be associated with the state-
Page 77 and 78:
Weights After National Coverage Adj
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Table 10−4: Second-Stage Adjustme
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Iteration 2: (Repeat steps above be
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1. For each state 7 and the Distric
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Production of monthly, quarterly, a
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for national CPS labor force series
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Chapter 11. Current Population Surv
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Table 11-1. Current Population Surv
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have completed their eighth and fin
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Table 11−3. Summary of 2004 ASEC
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Current Population Survey TP66 U.S.
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Chapter 12. Data Products From the
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Table 12-1. Bureau of Labor Statist
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Chapter 13. Overview of Data Qualit
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For example, we now recognize that
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the other panel in the SR SECU or N
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means that the estimates of varianc
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Table 14-2. Components of Variance
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Table 14-4. Effect of Compositing o
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Wolter, K. (1984), ‘‘An Investi
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• Master Address File (MAF): The
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no RO review of group quarters list
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5. The questionnaire does not elici
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chance to answer; probing technique
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Chapter 16. Quality Indicators of N
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Figure 16−2. Average Yearly Type
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Table 16-3. Labor Force Status by I
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supposed to be done in person, the
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Figure 16−4. Basic CPS Household
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Appendix A Sample Preparation Mater
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Illustration 1. Segment Folder, BC-
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Illustration 3. Unit/Permit Listing
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Illustration 5. Unit/Permit Listing
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Illustration 7. Permit Sketch Map,
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group numbers are chosen for deleti
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demographic components often cited
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2. The CPS control universe exclude
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A concern exists relative to the co
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The resulting race categories (Whit
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treat race and Hispanic origin as a
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REFERENCES Ahmed, B. and J. G. Robi
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Figure D-1. Map D-2 Organization an
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This report provides the supervisor
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Appendix E. Reinterview: Design and
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Acronyms ADS Annual Demographic Sup
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Births—Con. total population C-4
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Estimates, population—Con. popula
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Listing checks 15-4 Listing Sheets
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Ratio adjustments—Con. second-sta
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Vacancy rates 11-2, 11-4 Variance e
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