Rüdiger Schulz – Botanical Institute Solar BioHydrogen in Germany ...
Rüdiger Schulz – Botanical Institute Solar BioHydrogen in Germany ... Rüdiger Schulz – Botanical Institute Solar BioHydrogen in Germany ...
Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (at the Baltic Sea) Solar BioHydrogen in Germany Progress Report Rüdiger Schulz – Botanical Institute
- Page 2: Current strategy in Germany
- Page 5 and 6: “Solar energy techniques of the n
- Page 7 and 8: The main german research groups Syn
- Page 9 and 10: University Bochum M. Rögner Th. Ha
- Page 12 and 13: PBS-mutants to increase PS2 content
- Page 14 and 15: O 2 H 2 Semiartificial "bio-battery
- Page 17: The main german research groups Syn
- Page 21 and 22: The next generation high H 2 produc
- Page 25: The main german research groups Syn
- Page 28 and 29: McIntosh et al. (2011) J Am Chem So
- Page 30: Distribution of bidirectional NAD(P
- Page 34 and 35: Microalgae: Biotechnology / Bioener
- Page 36 and 37: 300x 0,25 Liter 10 Liter Microalgae
- Page 38: Water Solar Biohydrogen Production
Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (at the Baltic Sea)<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>BioHydrogen</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Progress Report<br />
<strong>Rüdiger</strong> <strong>Schulz</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>Botanical</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Current strategy <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong>
“National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell<br />
Technology Innovation Programme”<br />
f<strong>in</strong>anced by BMVBS<br />
(Bundesm<strong>in</strong>isterium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung)<br />
Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry of Transport, Build<strong>in</strong>g and Urban Affairs<br />
2006-2015<br />
50 Mill. €/y + 50-100 Mill €/y (Industry)<br />
Recently some money<br />
for hydrogen production,<br />
but not for biohydrogen.
“<strong>Solar</strong> energy techniques<br />
of the next generation”<br />
+ 16 Mill. Euro 2008 - 2011/2012<br />
f<strong>in</strong>anced by BMBF<br />
(Bundesm<strong>in</strong>isterium für Bildung und Forschung)<br />
Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education and Research<br />
+ 5 Mill. Euro Biohydrogen (Biology, Photobioreactors)<br />
+ 11 Mill. Euro Photovoltaik
The ma<strong>in</strong> german research groups<br />
Synechocystis<br />
for solar biohydrogen<br />
PSI<br />
<strong>Rüdiger</strong> <strong>Schulz</strong>, Kiel<br />
Jens Appel, Kiel<br />
Chlamydomonas<br />
Olaf Kruse, Bielefeld<br />
Clemens Posten,<br />
Karlsruhe<br />
Cell free, <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />
Matthias Rögner, Bochum<br />
Bärbel Friedrich, Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim
The ma<strong>in</strong> german research groups<br />
Synechocystis<br />
for solar biohydrogen<br />
PSI<br />
<strong>Rüdiger</strong> <strong>Schulz</strong>, Kiel<br />
Jens Appel, Kiel<br />
Chlamydomonas<br />
Olaf Kruse, Bielefeld<br />
Clemens Posten,<br />
Karlsruhe<br />
Cell free, <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />
Matthias Rögner, Bochum<br />
Bärbel Friedrich, Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim
National German Programme<br />
about hydrogenases and hydrogen production<br />
f<strong>in</strong>anced by<br />
BMBF<br />
(Bundesm<strong>in</strong>isterium für Bildung und Forschung)<br />
Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry for Education and Research
University Bochum<br />
M. Rögner<br />
Th. Happe<br />
H.-J.Wagner<br />
University Köln<br />
A. Berkessel<br />
MPI Mülheim<br />
W. Lubitz<br />
BMBF-Project<br />
FZ Jülich<br />
University Bielefeld<br />
J. Heberle<br />
HU Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
B. Friedrich<br />
FU Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
H.Dau<br />
/Haumann<br />
MPI Marburg<br />
R. Thauer<br />
S. Shima
- Optimization of the photosynthesis module<br />
- Development of artificial systems<br />
- Technical system analysis and balanc<strong>in</strong>g of the various systems<br />
- Optimization of the hydrogenase module
PBS-mutants to <strong>in</strong>crease PS2 content<br />
Antenna-mutants also yield higher cell density<br />
WT ∆apcE Olive PAL<br />
WT OL-Mutant<br />
> 40% <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> cell density possible !
Cell system for max. coupl<strong>in</strong>g of PS-ET to H 2 -ase<br />
WT<br />
MUT<br />
(S.-cystis 6803 as model system)<br />
PARAMETERS :<br />
A) ET<br />
•PS2 / PS1 ratio<br />
•PBS-antenna size<br />
•Cyclic / l<strong>in</strong>ear ET<br />
•Coupled / uncoupled ET<br />
•Coupl<strong>in</strong>g of Fd to H2ase &<br />
to CO2-fixation B) H2ase •Biogenesis of "foreign" H2ase •O2 tolerance of H2ase
O 2<br />
H 2<br />
Semiartificial<br />
"bio-battery" for<br />
optimization of<br />
prote<strong>in</strong>-prote<strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>teractions<br />
PS1-H 2 ase<br />
fusion prote<strong>in</strong><br />
• Optimization of "design" components (PS2, H 2ase, electron carrier) before<br />
<strong>in</strong>sertion <strong>in</strong> model organism<br />
• Comb<strong>in</strong>ation of <strong>in</strong>dividual components from various organisms <strong>in</strong> vitro
Photobioreactordesign<br />
25 L foil reactor<br />
5 L flat bed reactor (coop. KSD)<br />
• Transparent polymer;<br />
chem. sterilisation possible<br />
• Costs < 10 % of commercial<br />
photobioreactors!<br />
≤ 30% more PS2<br />
by "red" LED
The ma<strong>in</strong> german research groups<br />
Synechocystis<br />
for solar biohydrogen<br />
PSI<br />
<strong>Rüdiger</strong> <strong>Schulz</strong>, Kiel<br />
Jens Appel, Kiel<br />
Chlamydomonas<br />
Olaf Kruse, Bielefeld<br />
Clemens Posten,<br />
Karlsruhe<br />
Cell free, <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />
Matthias Rögner, Bochum<br />
Bärbel Friedrich, Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim
www.solarbiofuels.org
The next generation high H 2 production stra<strong>in</strong><br />
Stm6glc4<br />
Stm6glc4<br />
Anja Döbbe, Julia Beckmann, Jens Rupprecht, Arm<strong>in</strong> Hallmann, Ben Hankamer, Olaf Kruse, J.Biotech. 2007
Beckmann et al. 2009<br />
The third generation: Stm6glc4T7<br />
with a more efficient sun light collection system
The ma<strong>in</strong> german research groups<br />
Synechocystis<br />
for solar biohydrogen<br />
PSI<br />
<strong>Rüdiger</strong> <strong>Schulz</strong>, Kiel<br />
Jens Appel, Kiel<br />
Chlamydomonas<br />
Olaf Kruse, Bielefeld<br />
Clemens Posten,<br />
Karlsruhe<br />
Cell free, <strong>in</strong> vitro<br />
Matthias Rögner, Bochum<br />
Bärbel Friedrich, Berl<strong>in</strong><br />
Wolfgang Lubitz, Mülheim
Bidirectional NiFe-Hydrogenase of the unicellular<br />
cyanobacterium Synechocystis spec. PCC 6803<br />
Kle<strong>in</strong>ig and Sitte, „Zellbiologie“, Gustav Fischer<br />
2 H + +<br />
2e ‐<br />
H 2<br />
hoxH<br />
NAD(P)H +<br />
H +<br />
NiFe<br />
hoxY<br />
4xFeS<br />
FeS 2xFeS<br />
Hydrogenase Diaphorase<br />
hoxE hoxF ORF 3 hoxU hoxY ORF 6,7 hoxH<br />
FeS 2xFeS NAD FMN 4xFeS FeS<br />
NiFe<br />
hox-gene cluster<br />
NAD(P) + + 2H +<br />
hoxU hoxF<br />
hoxE<br />
FeS
McIntosh et al. (2011) J Am Chem Soc. 133:11308-11319
Screen<strong>in</strong>g for microalgae <strong>in</strong> natural environments<br />
Molecular Ecology and Monitor<strong>in</strong>g of the Enzyms<br />
Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase <strong>in</strong> the Plancton of<br />
Northatlantic, North- and Baltic Sea and Fresh Water Lakes<br />
Falkowski et al. (1998)<br />
<strong>Botanical</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, CAU Kiel<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> for General Microbiology, CAU Kiel<br />
Leibniz <strong>Institute</strong> of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Sciences, Kiel<br />
Research and Technology Centre, FTZ Büsum
Distribution of bidirectional NAD(P)-l<strong>in</strong>ked hydrogenases <strong>in</strong> samples taken form the North Sea<br />
(Norderpiep), the Baltic Sea (Stollergrundr<strong>in</strong>ne), and two Lakes (Westensee and Selenter See).
Microalgae Screen<strong>in</strong>g:<br />
Bio-H 2 , Biomass, Biodiesel,<br />
Biogas, Bioproducts, etc.<br />
With presently 2213 stra<strong>in</strong>s (represent<strong>in</strong>g 510 genera<br />
and 1273 species) the SAG is among the three largest<br />
culture collections of algae <strong>in</strong> the world.<br />
http://www.epsag.uni-goett<strong>in</strong>gen.de/html/sagstatistics_2002.htm)
Microalgae: Biotechnology / Bioenergie<br />
(Sun-)Light<br />
Water<br />
CO 2<br />
Nutrients<br />
Microalgae<br />
Biomass<br />
50-100 t DW /ha/a<br />
Energy<br />
Biogas<br />
Biodiesel<br />
Bioethanol<br />
Biohydrogen<br />
Heat Bioproducts<br />
Food/Feed<br />
Pharmaceuticals<br />
Cosmetics<br />
Enzymes<br />
6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
Screen<strong>in</strong>gprogramm<br />
- Wachstumsgeschw<strong>in</strong>digkeit / Biomasseproduktion<br />
- Optimierung der Kulturbed<strong>in</strong>gungen<br />
- Untersuchung der Biomasse:<br />
• Farbstoffe, wie z.B. Carot<strong>in</strong>oide Rosafarbe von Lachs<br />
• Tocopherole (Vitam<strong>in</strong> E) Lebensmitteln<br />
• Pharmzeutische Produkte Medikamente<br />
• Fette und Öle Biodiesel<br />
• Fettsäuren Lebensmittel<br />
• „antifoul<strong>in</strong>g“ Wirkung Unterwasseranstriche<br />
• Wasserstoffproduktion Biowasserstoff<br />
• Biomasse / CO 2-Senke Biogasanlagen
300x 0,25 Liter<br />
10 Liter<br />
Microalgae cultures <strong>in</strong> Kiel<br />
4 Klimakammern<br />
Glasgewächshaus<br />
30 Liter<br />
Foliengewächshaus<br />
60 / 480 Liter<br />
300 Liter<br />
8x 3000 Liter
X<br />
nmol H 2 /µg Chl/m<strong>in</strong> Biohydrogen production
Water<br />
<strong>Solar</strong> Biohydrogen Production<br />
O 2<br />
Bioreactor<br />
with<br />
Algae or Cyanobacteria<br />
Biomass<br />
CO 2<br />
H 2<br />
as Energy Source for<br />
- fuel cells<br />
H 2 and O 2<br />
- combustion eng<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Thank you!<br />
- Mar<strong>in</strong>e organism<br />
- Oxygen tolerant hydrogenase<br />
- Very active hydrogenase<br />
- Reduced antenna size<br />
- Easy cultivation<br />
(axenic without sterilization)<br />
- Reduced biomass production<br />
- Low cost photobioreactor
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