Feng, Xiaodong_ Xie, Hong-Guang - Applying pharmacogenomics in therapeutics-CRC Press (2016)

3 Essential
Pharmacogenomic
Biomarkers in
Clinical Practice
Cong Liu, Weiguo Chen, and Wei Zhang
CONTENTS
Key Concepts............................................................................................................ 52
Introduction............................................................................................................... 52
Drug Response Is a Complex Trait........................................................................... 53
Human Genetic Variations Underlie Pharmacogenomics.........................................54
Approaches to Identifying Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers......................................56
Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers with Clinical Implications...................................... 57
Cardiovascular Diseases.......................................................................................58
Warfarin...........................................................................................................58
Clopidogrel......................................................................................................59
Simvastatin......................................................................................................59
Cancers.................................................................................................................60
Cisplatin..........................................................................................................60
Erlotinib and Gefitinib.....................................................................................60
Methotrexate....................................................................................................60
Psychiatric Disorders........................................................................................... 61
Amitriptyline................................................................................................... 61
Nortriptyline.................................................................................................... 61
Citalopram....................................................................................................... 61
Other Disorders.................................................................................................... 61
Abacavir for Viral Infection............................................................................ 61
Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis............................................................................ 62
Codeine for Pain.............................................................................................. 62
Allopurinol for Hyperuricemia........................................................................ 62
Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers under Development.................................................63
Cardiovascular Diseases.......................................................................................63
Cancers.................................................................................................................64
Psychiatric Disorders...........................................................................................65
Thoughts for Further Consideration..........................................................................65
Study Questions........................................................................................................66
References................................................................................................................. 67
51