Feng, Xiaodong_ Xie, Hong-Guang - Applying pharmacogenomics in therapeutics-CRC Press (2016)

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266 Applying Pharmacogenomics in Therapeuticslack of pharmacogenomic study. They will probably increase the risk of treatmentfailure or adverse reactions alone or in combination with other drugs.CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVESAlthough the current experimental evidence and population studies cannot providesufficiently clear recommendations on personalized CAM based on genetic characteristics,experience has already been accumulated in the interactions betweenSNPs and vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and natural herbs. These CAM-basedpharmacogenomic research results are critical to repeated tests in different populationor races. Existing evidence for gene–CAM interaction is not particularly strong,and many studies are limited by a short period of observation, small sample size, orflawed experimental design. Future studies need to improve based on the past resultson experimental design, sufficient certainty, randomized samples, longer observationperiod, and more strict inclusion criteria. We hope that in the coming years,CAM-related pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics can achieve more solid,repeatable, and high-quality results, accelerating individualized CAM.STUDY QUESTIONS1. Which of the choices belong to CAM?a. Prescription drugsb. Traditional medicinec. Chinese medicined. Folk medicine2. Vitamins are reported to be affected by genetic polymorphismsincluding_____?a. Vitamin Cb. Vitamin Dc. Vitamin Ed. Vitamin K3. The elements below are macroelements in the human body except for___?a. Calciumb. Oxygenc. Carbond. Potassium4. Herbal medicines, responses, such as ___, are influenced by genetic variationsand consequently differences in herb–drug interactions.a. Cranberry juiceb. Magnesiumc. Ginkgod. St. John’s wort5. Which of the following processes are influenced by pharmacogenomics?a. Absorptionb. Distributionc. Metabolismd. Excretion
Pharmacogenomics and Alternative Medicine267Answer Key1. bcd2. abcd3. ad4. acd5. abcdREFERENCES1. Teut, M. and K. Linde. Scientific case research in complementary and alternativemedicine—A review. Complement Ther Med, 2013;21(4):388–95.2. Weeks, L.C. and T. Strudsholm. A scoping review of research on complementary andalternative medicine (CAM) and the mass media: Looking back, moving forward. BMCComplement Altern Med, 2008;8:43.3. Tanwar, V.S., et al. Common variant in FUT2 gene is associated with levels of vitaminB(12) in Indian population. Gene, 2013;515(1):224–8.4. Bender. Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge, UK: CambridgeUniversity Press; 2003.5. Diop-Bove, N., et al. A novel deletion mutation in the proton-coupled folate transporter(PCFT; SLC46A1) in a Nicaraguan child with hereditary folate malabsorption. Gene,2013;527(2):673–4.6. Wang, Q., et al. The first Chinese case report of hereditary folate malabsorption with anovel mutation on SLC46A1. Brain Dev, 2015;37(1):163–7.7. Von Castel-Dunwoody, K.M., et al. Transcobalamin 776C→G polymorphism negativelyaffects vitamin B-12 metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005;81(6):1436–41.8. Cahill, L.E. and A. El-Sohemy. Vitamin C transporter gene polymorphisms, dietaryvitamin C and serum ascorbic acid. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics, 2009;2(6):292–301.9. Dalgard, C., et al. Variation in the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 geneis associated with risk of acute coronary syndrome among women. PLoS One, 2013;8(8):e70421.10. Pani, M.A., et al. Vitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP1alpha) polymorphism in Graves’disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol, 2002;146(6):777–81.11. Al-oanzi, Z.H., et al. Vitamin D-binding protein gene microsatellite polymorphisminfluences BMD and risk of fractures in men. Osteoporos Int, 2008;19(7):951–60.12. Girona, J., et al. The apolipoprotein A5 gene −1131T→C polymorphism affectsvitamin E plasma concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2008;46(4):453–7.13. Testa, R., et al. Effect of 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism on the response of PAI-1 activityto vitamin E supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Nutr Metab, 2004;17(4):217–21.14. Zuchinali, P., et al. Influence of VKORC1 gene polymorphisms on the effect of oralvitamin K supplementation in over-anticoagulated patients. J Thromb Thrombolysis,2014;37:338–44.15. McNulty, H., et al. Nutrition throughout life: Folate. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2012;82(5):348–54.16. Torre, M.L., et al. MTHFR C677T polymorphism, folate status and colon cancer risk inacromegalic patients. Pituitary, 2014;17:257–66.17. Coppede, F., V. Lorenzoni, and L. Migliore. The reduced folate carrier (RFC-1) 80A>Gpolymorphism and maternal risk of having a child with Down syndrome: A metaanalysis.Nutrients, 2013;5(7):2551–63.
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DedicationWe dedicate this book to
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viiiContentsChapter 10 Pharmacogeno
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EditorsXiaodong Feng, PhD, PharmD,
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ContributorsWeiguo Chen, PhDDepartm
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8Clinical Applicationsof Pharmacoge
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Feng, Xiaodong_ Xie, Hong-Guang - Applying pharmacogenomics in therapeutics-CRC Press (2016)

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