Feng, Xiaodong_ Xie, Hong-Guang - Applying pharmacogenomics in therapeutics-CRC Press (2016)

Applying Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development
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pharmacogenomic studies. As mentioned above, postmarketing studies are able
to better detect rare ADRs due to a larger sample size and inclusion of more
diverse populations. Undoubtedly, the guidance and support that these agencies
offer have helped lead to the rapid increase in the number of drugs that have been
discovered, developed, and/or repurposed based on pharmacogenomic studies.
CONCLUSIONS
The major advances in drug discovery and development have been made possible
through the incorporation of pharmacogenomic data and testing. Pharmacogenomics
can allow for the identification of novel drug targets, allow for drugs to be developed
for specific subsets of patient populations that have high efficacy and low toxicity,
decrease the time taken for a drug to reach the market, and improve cost– benefit
ratios. As more drug companies incorporate pharmacogenomics into their drug
discovery and development process, further improvements can be anticipated. The
inclusion of these analyses during drug development will result in increased availability
of pharmacogenomic data that clinicians can then use to help guide their
clinical decision making.
STUDY QUESTIONS
1. Genomic profiling is more likely than target gene analysis to identify novel
drug targets:
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following types of study can be used to validate the involvement
of a drug target in the disease process?
I. In silico II. Cell line III. Animal model
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II
d. II and III
e. I, II, and III
3. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A polymorphism that is located in the drug binding site of a drug target
will always decrease “druggability” of the target.
b. It is estimated that only 10% of the human genome is druggable.
c. Polymorphisms can affect binding of a drug to its target by altering
target charge and polarity.
d. Some drugs are designed to inhibit target function while others are
designed to alter target expression levels.
4. Pharmacogenomic analyses are only useful during the preclinical study
phase of drug development:
a. True
b. False