Book of Extended summaries ISDA
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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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20.12.2022 Views

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad investments and returns. Projects with positive NPW are economically viable. It is estimated using the following equation NPV/W = P (1 + i) + P (1 + i) +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . + P (1 + i) where, P1…n = Net Cash flow in year n (Difference between cash outflows and inflows); i = Discount rate (9%); t = Time period (economic life of the Farm Pond based on respondents’ opinion) Benefit – Cost Ratio (BC Ratio) It is the ratio of benefits and costs of a project expressed in monetary terms. It reflects the efficiency of the investment. BC ratio of more than one indicates the profitability of the project. The project is selected if the BC ratio is more than one. It is estimated using the following equation BC Ratio = ∑ ∑ B (1 + i) C (1 + i) where, Bn = Benefits (Cash Inflows) received in year t; Ct = Costs (Cash Outflows) in year t ; I = rate of discount (9%); t = Time period (economic life of the Farm Pond based on respondents’ opinion); i = Discount rate Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate at which NPV of net cash flows (NPV/W) from a project or investment equals zero, i.e. NPV/W=0. It is calculated by using the following formula. ⎛ ⎜ Lower discount Difference between IRR = + rate the two discount rates X ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance Present worth of the cash flow at the lower discount rate Absolute difference between the present worths of the cash flow at the two discount rates⎠ IRR should be higher than the opportunity cost of capital for the project. Results Wayanad is a hilly District in Kerala, is dominated by homestead farming, and plantation crops are the major sources of income. The general cropping pattern of the respondents includes coffee, pepper, rubber, banana, areca nut, ginger, turmeric and other crops. Results showed that in the post-adoption period of CRA technology, i.e. farm pond ginger (142.03%) gained the highest per cent area, it was followed by rubber (10.00%), coffee (4.69%) and banana (4.40%). ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ 81 | Page

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad In terms of productivity, arecanut has witnessed the highest productivity change, i.e. 107.56 per cent, it was followed by coffee (88.59%), pepper (56.08), cardamom (37.78) and banana (35.54%). Additional income received by the respondents was calculated using changes in farm production, multiplied by the market price. Additional income gained by the respondents was used as income flow to calculate the NPV, IRR and BC ratio. The farm ponds’ economic life was considered 25 years based on the respondents' opinion, and a nine per cent discount rate was used. On average, Rs. 4.65 lakh was invested (by both Government and Farmers) in each farm pond, and it would receive gross returns of Rs. 29.90 lakhs in its economic life. Conclusion The study concludes that implementing Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRS) technologies, viz., farm ponds benefited the farmers at the micro level. It is equally important to note that farm ponds (CRA technology) fetched a better income than fixed investments at the banks which is indicated by higher IRR value. Thus, it is recommended that the CRA structures, viz., farm ponds and schemes like Drainage Line Treatment, can be extended further to other farmers of different regions in the State and Country as it is helping in getting sustainable agriculture production. Reference GoK [Government of Kerala]. 2014. Kerala State Action Plan on Climate Change (Online). Department of Environment and Climate Change, Government of Kerala. Available: https://envt.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Kerala-State-Action-Plan-on- Climate-Change-KSAPCC-2014-August.pdf. [27 th Oct. 2022] Lokesh, S. and Poddar, R.S. 2017. Impact of drought on water resources and agriculture in Karnataka. International J. Pure and Applied Biosci., 6 (2): 1102-1107. T1-29P-1322 Optimum Sowing Window and Water Stress at Critical Stages on the Growth and Yield of Groundnut Crop- A Modeling Approach A.V. M. Subba Rao, Deepti Verma, V. P. Pramod, S. K. Bal and A. Suryachandra Rao 2 1 All India Coordinated Research Project on Agrometeorology, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 009, India 2 Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune For optimization of crop yield, sowing at a suitable time to fit the crop growth period is critical. If the optimal planting window is determined, then the farmers can utilize the planting opportunity that occurs in that optimal planting window (Sulochana et al., 2002). Groundnut is one of the important oilseed crops having exceeding demand for its oil. The water requirement 82 | Page Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &<br />

Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

In terms <strong>of</strong> productivity, arecanut has witnessed the highest productivity change, i.e. 107.56<br />

per cent, it was followed by c<strong>of</strong>fee (88.59%), pepper (56.08), cardamom (37.78) and banana<br />

(35.54%). Additional income received by the respondents was calculated using changes in farm<br />

production, multiplied by the market price. Additional income gained by the respondents was<br />

used as income flow to calculate the NPV, IRR and BC ratio. The farm ponds’ economic life<br />

was considered 25 years based on the respondents' opinion, and a nine per cent discount rate<br />

was used. On average, Rs. 4.65 lakh was invested (by both Government and Farmers) in each<br />

farm pond, and it would receive gross returns <strong>of</strong> Rs. 29.90 lakhs in its economic life.<br />

Conclusion<br />

The study concludes that implementing Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRS) technologies, viz.,<br />

farm ponds benefited the farmers at the micro level. It is equally important to note that farm<br />

ponds (CRA technology) fetched a better income than fixed investments at the banks which is<br />

indicated by higher IRR value. Thus, it is recommended that the CRA structures, viz., farm<br />

ponds and schemes like Drainage Line Treatment, can be extended further to other farmers <strong>of</strong><br />

different regions in the State and Country as it is helping in getting sustainable agriculture<br />

production.<br />

Reference<br />

GoK [Government <strong>of</strong> Kerala]. 2014. Kerala State Action Plan on Climate Change (Online).<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> Environment and Climate Change, Government <strong>of</strong> Kerala. Available:<br />

https://envt.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Kerala-State-Action-Plan-on-<br />

Climate-Change-KSAPCC-2014-August.pdf. [27 th Oct. 2022]<br />

Lokesh, S. and Poddar, R.S. 2017. Impact <strong>of</strong> drought on water resources and agriculture in<br />

Karnataka. International J. Pure and Applied Biosci., 6 (2): 1102-1107.<br />

T1-29P-1322<br />

Optimum Sowing Window and Water Stress at Critical Stages on the Growth and<br />

Yield <strong>of</strong> Groundnut Crop- A Modeling Approach<br />

A.V. M. Subba Rao, Deepti Verma, V. P. Pramod, S. K. Bal and A. Suryachandra Rao 2<br />

1 All India Coordinated Research Project on Agrometeorology,<br />

ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 009, India<br />

2 Indian Institute <strong>of</strong> Tropical Meteorology, Pune<br />

For optimization <strong>of</strong> crop yield, sowing at a suitable time to fit the crop growth period is critical.<br />

If the optimal planting window is determined, then the farmers can utilize the planting<br />

opportunity that occurs in that optimal planting window (Sulochana et al., 2002). Groundnut is<br />

one <strong>of</strong> the important oilseed crops having exceeding demand for its oil. The water requirement<br />

82 | Page Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance

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