Book of Extended summaries ISDA
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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Rhizobium @2kg/ha& PSB @ 2kg/ha; application of Fertilizer @ 20 kg N, 40 kg P 2O 5&20 kg K2O /ha as basal with Micronutrient- Zn @25kg/ha and Plant Protection measure for controlling Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctiaobliqua) through spraying Azadirachtin 3 ml/lt,. The demonstrations were carried out in Purulia district of West Bengal under Red & Lateritic Agro-climatic zone during Kharif season of 2019-20 to 2021-22 for three consecutive years. The improved technologies recorded significantly higher average yield of 8.67 q/ha (57.75 %) than the yield obtained under farmer’s practices (5.50 q/ha). The improved technologies also resulted higher mean net return of Rs.39,613/ha with a cost benefit ratio of 2.25 as compared to local check (Rs.16,465/ ha, & 1.76 respectively). T6-19P-1092 Computation of Extension Effectiveness Index and Effective Extension Approaches for Adoption of Rainfed Technologies by Farmers from State Dept. of Agriculture, NGO and Private Extension Agency in Anantapuramu District of A.P. K. Ravi Shankar*, G. Nirmala, K. Nagasree, P.K. Pankaj, C. N. Anshida Beevi, Jagriti Rohit, C. A. Rama Rao, B. M. K. Raju and V. K. Singh Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad 500059, Telangana, India *kr.shankar@icar.gov.in Agricultural extension is the conscious communication of information to help farmers form sound opinions and make good decisions on farming. There are several methods for agricultural technology transfer. Some of these include the individual/household extension method, group method, and mass media method. None of these methods can be singled out as the best one as they all have some advantages and disadvantages. According to Anandajayasekeram et al. (2008), the choice of a method depends on various factors such as the tenure system in the area, community organization, and resource availability. Meetings, field days, and approaches to schools may also be good options. Despite the importance of agricultural extension in communicating relevant information about improved production techniques to farmers, there are limited studies, to the best of our knowledge, that evaluate the effectiveness of the various agricultural technology transfer methods/approaches in India in general and Andhra Pradesh (A.P.) state in particular. This paper, therefore, highlights the effectiveness of various agricultural technology transfer (extension approaches) that are being used by the stakeholders of the agricultural extension delivery system in the Anantapuramu district of A.P. The specific objectives of the study were to compute the extension effectiveness index from farmers of the study area and to identify the existing extension approaches employed by extension officers of different agencies in the study area. 841 | Page Institutional and policy innovations for accelerated and enhanced impacts

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Methodology A sample of 40 farmers was randomly selected from the Anantapuramu district of A.P. The average annual rainfall in Anantapuramu is 550 mm. The sample agencies selected for the study were Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) an NGO, Coromandel Fertilizers Limited (CFL) a private extension firm, and the State Department of Agriculture (SDA) representing the government extension agency. In Anantapuramu, Nallacheruvu (WASSAN), Bukkarayasamudram (CFL), and Atmakur (SDA) mandals were selected for the study. Care was taken in selecting the mandals (along with villages and respondent farmers) that were mutually exclusive to avoid overlapping of data from each agency i.e., Nallacheruvu was selected to collect data from WASSAN, Bukkarayasamudram for CFL and Atmakur for data from SDA. The data was collected using a pre-tested interview schedule and focus group discussion with the farmers belonging to each agency. The extension effectiveness index comprised six parameters i.e., timeliness of information, utility, ease of understanding, satisfaction in farmers, extension activities, and quality of extension services. These parameters were further subdivided into components and individual weights were assigned to each component. The weights were rounded to the nearest fifth digit. For each parameter, all components’ weights were totalled 100. Mean weightages for each parameter were worked out and they were combined to get the index value to 100. Out of the six parameters, utility ranked first with 25 scores, followed by the timeliness of information, ease of understanding, and satisfaction in farmers each with 20 scores, then extension activities with 10 and quality of extension services with 5 scores respectively. Results The main crops in the study villages are ground nut, red gram, paddy, banana, tomato, and other vegetables. The mean Extension Effectiveness Index (EEI) value of 4.1 was the highest for WASSAN, followed by SDA (3.79) and CFL (3.52) in that order. In terms of the measured 6 parameters in the index, it is clear that extension was highly effective in WASSAN, followed by SDA and CFL in that order. The study revealed significant differences between different agencies based on their EEI values. T test results for different extension agencies based on EEI values S. No. Extension Agencies Comparison Mean Difference t value Sig. (2-tailed) 1. CFL vs WASSAN -0.591 -9.08 0.001** 2. CFL vs SDA -0.276 -4.12 0.001** 3. WASSAN vs SDA -0.315 -15.50 0.001** **Significant at 0.01 probability level Institutional and policy innovations for accelerated and enhanced impacts 842 | Page

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &<br />

Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

Rhizobium @2kg/ha& PSB @ 2kg/ha; application <strong>of</strong> Fertilizer @ 20 kg N, 40 kg P 2O 5&20 kg<br />

K2O /ha as basal with Micronutrient- Zn @25kg/ha and Plant Protection measure for<br />

controlling Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctiaobliqua) through spraying Azadirachtin 3 ml/lt,.<br />

The demonstrations were carried out in Purulia district <strong>of</strong> West Bengal under Red & Lateritic<br />

Agro-climatic zone during Kharif season <strong>of</strong> 2019-20 to 2021-22 for three consecutive years.<br />

The improved technologies recorded significantly higher average yield <strong>of</strong> 8.67 q/ha (57.75 %)<br />

than the yield obtained under farmer’s practices (5.50 q/ha). The improved technologies also<br />

resulted higher mean net return <strong>of</strong> Rs.39,613/ha with a cost benefit ratio <strong>of</strong> 2.25 as compared<br />

to local check (Rs.16,465/ ha, & 1.76 respectively).<br />

T6-19P-1092<br />

Computation <strong>of</strong> Extension Effectiveness Index and Effective Extension<br />

Approaches for Adoption <strong>of</strong> Rainfed Technologies by Farmers from State<br />

Dept. <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, NGO and Private Extension Agency in<br />

Anantapuramu District <strong>of</strong> A.P.<br />

K. Ravi Shankar*, G. Nirmala, K. Nagasree, P.K. Pankaj, C. N. Anshida Beevi,<br />

Jagriti Rohit, C. A. Rama Rao, B. M. K. Raju and V. K. Singh<br />

Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad 500059, Telangana, India<br />

*kr.shankar@icar.gov.in<br />

Agricultural extension is the conscious communication <strong>of</strong> information to help farmers form<br />

sound opinions and make good decisions on farming. There are several methods for agricultural<br />

technology transfer. Some <strong>of</strong> these include the individual/household extension method, group<br />

method, and mass media method. None <strong>of</strong> these methods can be singled out as the best one as<br />

they all have some advantages and disadvantages. According to Anandajayasekeram et al.<br />

(2008), the choice <strong>of</strong> a method depends on various factors such as the tenure system in the area,<br />

community organization, and resource availability. Meetings, field days, and approaches to<br />

schools may also be good options. Despite the importance <strong>of</strong> agricultural extension in<br />

communicating relevant information about improved production techniques to farmers, there<br />

are limited studies, to the best <strong>of</strong> our knowledge, that evaluate the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the various<br />

agricultural technology transfer methods/approaches in India in general and Andhra Pradesh<br />

(A.P.) state in particular. This paper, therefore, highlights the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> various<br />

agricultural technology transfer (extension approaches) that are being used by the stakeholders<br />

<strong>of</strong> the agricultural extension delivery system in the Anantapuramu district <strong>of</strong> A.P. The specific<br />

objectives <strong>of</strong> the study were to compute the extension effectiveness index from farmers <strong>of</strong> the<br />

study area and to identify the existing extension approaches employed by extension <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong><br />

different agencies in the study area.<br />

841 | Page Institutional and policy innovations for accelerated and enhanced impacts

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