Book of Extended summaries ISDA

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &
Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad
the farmers were mulching, green and farmyard manuring, cover crops and mixed cropping,
which have direct effect on soil nutrient. Other strategies to mitigate the effect of flooding such
as terracing and contouring were seldom used. Farmers’ opinion towards climate adaptation
strategies is that no significant yield increase was achieved, and the techniques were not costeffective.
Also, the techniques require technical know-how, which they lacked. Major
constraints to farmers’ use of the climate adaptation strategies were pressure on land, lack of
knowledge on soil conservation techniques, inadequate information and education on use of
soil conservation techniques and insecure land tenure system. Trainings should be organized
for the farmers to educate and inform them about environment friendly soil conservation
practices that will improve and increase their yield thereby improving their income.
T5-36P-1535
Correlation of Weather Variables on the Development of Makhana Leaf
Spot Disease in the Koshi Region of Bihar
Md. Nadeem Akhtar 1 *, Santosh Kumar 2 , Krishna Murari Singh 3 and
Amrendra Kumar 4
1,3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar.
2 Mandan Bharti Agricultural College, Agwanpur, Saharsa -852 201, Bihar
4 Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Patna (Zone IV), Bihar
Makhana (Euryale ferox salisb) a member of the family Nymphaeaceae, is an emergent floating
macrophyte plant, which is cultivated commercially as a cash crop. It is also known as fox nut,
gorgon nut, and food of God. The center for makhana cultivation lies in the tropical and
subtropical regions of South East and East Asia. In India, North Bihar, the lower Assam region,
Odisha, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Jammu & Kashmir, and Manipur are some of the states
where the makhana is cultivated (Kumar et al., 2011). However, North Bihar is well-known
for makhana production not only at the national level but also at the global level. The area
comprises about 20,000 ha, which covers about 80% of the acreage and production of more
than 90% (Jana, 2016). Makhana is affected by various kinds of diseases caused by fungi. Leaf
spot caused by Alternaria tenuissima is one of the most catastrophic and widespread diseases
which causes substantial yield loss (Kumar et al., 2020). Severe foliage infections were
observed in makhana of the Koshi zone of Bihar, while the survey and surveillance program
during crop season, 2018, where, 25–30% of leaf areas in one-fourth population of makhana in
most of the ponds were infected (Kumar et al., 2020). Since weather factors have an overriding
influence on crop stage and the progress of the disease. Therefore, monitoring of weather
conditions of different crop stages is an important concern in disease management and
prediction. Moreover, rare information is available related to the epidemiology of this disease.
Therefore, considering the devastation of makhana due to leaf spot, an experiment was
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