Book of Extended summaries ISDA

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &
Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad
calculation of energy input and output equivalents, the indices of energy ratio (energy use
efficiency), energy productivity, and net energy were calculated (Rafiee et al., 2010) as
follows:
S.No
1 Sowing
Name of field
operation
Energy ratio =
Energy Productivity =
Energy output (MJ/ha)
Energy input (MJ/ha)
Safflower yield (Kg/ha)
Energy input (MJ/ha)
Net Energy = Energy output (MJ/ha) – Energy input (MJ/ha)
Mechanized condition
With Seed cum Fertilizer
Drill
Farmer's practice
Behind the bullock-drawn plough
2 Inter cultivation Power weeder Bullock drew Danthi
3 Plant protection Motorized/ power sprayers Knapsack sprayer
4
Harvesting, threshing,
and winnowing
Combiner with minute
modification
Manual
Following parameters selected under selective mechanization vis-à-vis Farmer's practice in
terms of yield, economics, and energy budgeting of Safflower
Results
From table, it is found that safflower seed yield (1485 kg/ha) was higher than farmer practice
(1251 kg/ha). The seed yield of safflower was increased by 18.70% observed under mechanized
conditions compared to the farmer's practice. Proper plant-to-plant population and optimum
management practice can be adopted under mechanization than farmer practice which helps to
increase or record good growth of crops than farmer practice. Further, the cost of cultivation
incurred for the normal method of cultivation was higher (53921) compared to mechanized
safflower cultivation (45101) leading to higher net returns (100699) and B: C ratio (3.20) in
the mechanized plot. Comparing the yield and economics of cultivation methods, mechanized
plot reduced the labour requirement, time of operation and cultivation cost, in turn, resulted in
higher benefits. The energy use efficiency in the mechanized plot (0.56 kg/MJ) was higher than
the normal plot (0.27 kg/MJ). This led to saving 17 labour/ha and saved 35 hrs time period/ha
through selective mechanization of important operations.
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