Book of Extended summaries ISDA

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &
Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad
@ 3.6 m interval @ 30 DAS in all three years, KNO3 spray @ 0.5% at dry spell at pegging
stage during 2019 and supplemental irrigation with sprinklers with harvested rain water@ 20
mm at pod initiation stage during 2021 was done. An amount of 517, 888 and 378 mm rainfall
in 25,61 and 27 rainy days was received during the crop season of 2019, 2020 and 2021
respectively. The rainwater use efficiency (RWUE, kg ha -1 mm -1 ) was derived as ratio of yield
(kg ha -1 ) attained by a crop and crop seasonal rainfall (mm) of the respective crop in each year.
The cost of cultivation of each crop was determined by considering inputs like seed and
fertilizer costs and agricultural operations from sowing to harvest. The gross returns were
computed as a product of yield of a crop and its market price (Rs. kg -1 ). The benefit-cost ratio
was computed as a ratio of gross returns and cost of cultivation for each crop.
Results
During the three years of study, real time monitoring and management of drought in groundnut,
recorded higher pod, haulm yield, gross, net returns, benefit cost ratio and rain water use
efficiency as compared to rainfed (control). RTDM practice enhanced the pod and haulm yields
by 31 and 23, 38.8 and 21.2 and 25.8 and 14.9 per cent respectively during 2019, 2020 and
2021 respectively compared to control. This might be due to RTDM practice recorded higher
soil moisture content and relative water content in different phenophases of groundnut. Higher
yields were mainly due to increased availability of soil moisture by conservation of rainfall
with deep tillage, conservation furrows and supplemental irrigation at critical stages of crop
growth.
Effect of Real time drought management (RTDM) practices in groundnut during kharif
of 2019 to 2021
Parameter 2019 2020 2021
RTDM Control RTDM Control RTDM Control
Pod yield (kg ha -1 ) 1660 1267 705 508 1370 1089
Haulm yield (kg ha -1 ) 2985 2435 2360 1950 2245 1954
Cost of cultivation (Rs. ha -1 ) 31250 27500 31750 28000 32250 29500
Gross Returns (Rs. ha -1 ) 97932 75521 48460 36166 79725 64220
Net Returns (Rs. ha -1 ) 66682 48021 16710 8166 47475 34720
B:C ratio 3.13 2.75 1.52 1.29 2.47 2.18
RWUE (kg ha -1 mm -1 ) 3.38 2.58 1.40 1.01 3.89 3.09
Conclusion
Real time monitoring and management of drought with subsoiling @1 m distance before sowing once
in two years, formation of conservation furrows @ 3.6 m interval @ 30 DAS, KNO 3 spray @ 0.5% at
dry spell and supplemental irrigation with sprinklers with harvested rain water @ 20 mm at pod
development stage increases the pod yield, gross and net returns in ground growing areas of scarce
rainfall zone.
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