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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad nitrogen use efficiency followed as BGB-SRF (38.3 %) > MSB-SRF (37.5 %) > LCB-SRF (36.2 %) > PNB-SRF (35.7 %) than fertilizer (22.8 %). After 288 hr of incubation the N-P-K nutrient release from hydrogel-biochar composite varied 36.49-81.37%. Similarly, it exhibited 35.46- 90.83% release of N-P-K in soil after 45 days study. The release kinetics fitted by Korsmeyer- Peppas model illustrates that the n values were 0.5-1.0 (anomalous transport). Utilizing four different biochars, the average removal rate of heavy metal from aqueous solution was 49.5- 66.1%(Cd), 47.3-60.0%(Pb), 45.5-60.6%(Ni), 46.6-60.8%(Zn), 49.3-63.2%(Cu) and 52.7-64.2% (As) compared with no biochar treatment. Biochar amendment has attracted a fair amount of research interest due to its abundant usage and wide potential. Assuming that the science of biochar is ‘unambiguously beneficial’, all the scientific community should support the biochar application for modern science and technological intervension. T4a-51P-1176 Vermicomposting-A Module for Sustainable Soil Management in South Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India Titus Dalang K. Momin*, Athokpam Haribhushan, Basu langpoklakpam, Rike Ch A Sangma, Tanya R Marak, Bishorjit Ningthoujam, Rupam Bhattacharjya and Thongam Monika Devi KVK, South Garo Hills, Chokpot, Meghalaya *dalangssangma76@gmail.com Vermicompost is recognized as a high-nutrient biofertilizer with a range of microbial communities and it considerably increases the growth and yield of different field crops, vegetables, flower and fruit crops. Vermicomposting organic material with earthworms not only yields the healthiest organic manure but also lessens environmental pollution and health hazards. The experiment was laid out in a three-replicated randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments. The highest production of vermicompost was recorded in the T3 (348kg/vermibed). The production of vermicompost in T2 was (340kg/vermibed) followed by T1 of (332kg/vermibed). Result revealed that among the different vermicomposting units T3 was efficient in terms of quantity of vermicompost harvested. Among the Treatments the highest Benefit: Cost ratio was recorded in T3 (4.85.1) followed by T2 (4.74.1) and T1(4.63.1). 681 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad T4a-52P- 1137 Weedy rice: A Threat to Sustainable Rice Production under Direct Seeding V. Anjaly Ph.D. scholar, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University Rice is the staple food of more than 50% of the world’s population and the conventional method of rice growing, which involves puddling followed by transplanting, is a labour and water intensive process. Increased costs or decreased availability of irrigation water and labour has forced the farmers in Asia to slowly proceed towards direct seeding of rice (Chauhan, 2012). The absence of suppressive effect of standing water on weed emergence and similarity in seed sizes of crop and weeds has led to the serious concern of weedy rice infestation in most of the rice growing tracts. Weedy rice infestation raises the production costs, lowers the crop yield and qualitatively decreases the farmer’s income, through reduced seed value at the time of harvest . In recent years, weedy rice has emerged to be one of the major troublesome weeds in rice growing Asian countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, India, Republic of Korea, Vietnam and Sri Lanka Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is believed to be evolved through the interbreeding between cultivated rice (O. sativa) and wild rice (O. nivara/O. perennis) (Chauhan, 2013). The physical and physiological similarities of weedy rice to cultivated rice have made the weedy seed spread more easier through crop seed contamination. Features like faster growth, profuse tiller production, early flowering and high competence for nutrients, light and space provide them competitive advantage over cultivated rice. The weed is also characterized by longer seed dormancy, easy seed shattering (enhance weed seed bank), presence of awns, red pericarp and pigmented aleuronic layer, and the ability to thrive in adverse agro-climatic conditions Weed management strategies such as use of clean rice seeds and machineries, regular inspection and roguing of weedy rice plants before seed set, repeated cultivation of rice fields, stale seed bed technique, use of transplanting technique wherever plenty of exploitable water is available, use of high seeding rates, row seeding using seed drills, and use of weed competitive crop cultivar with early vigour and quick canopy closure, are advocated (Chauhan, 2013). An improved broadcasting method called ‘parachute planting’ is practiced in Vietnam and Sri Lanka, in which the rice seedlings, grown in nursery, are thrown onto the puddled soil, with water depth maintained at 5 to 10 cm. Chauhan et al. (2014) concluded that seedling broadcast and transplanted rice methods are the most effective rice establishment techniques to reduce weedy rice panicles and seed production, and to attain highest rice grain yield. Adoption of 682 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Resilience through land and water m
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International Conference on Reimagi
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Theme- 2 Ecosystem based approaches
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