Book of Extended summaries ISDA
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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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20.12.2022 Views

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad increasing amounts of crop residue maintained on the surface (Sharma et al., 1990). Greater infiltration, less evaporation, and effective weed control contributed to the higher soil water contents with conservation tillage. Methodology To achieve the objective, an experiment with surface application of 4 levels of sorghum residues @ 0, 2, 4, 6 t ha -1 in combination with N (30 kg N ha -1 for cowpea and 60 kg N ha -1 for Sorghum through urea) and uniform dose of 30 kg P2O5 ha -1 (through super phosphate) with minimum tillage, was initiated during 2005 at ICAR-CRIDA Research farm Hayathnagar, Hyderabad. The cropping system adopted in this study was Sorghum-Cowpea with yearly rotation. The soil moisture was measured using Soil Moisture Meter (Micro Gopher, Nu-Tech). Soil moisture were recorded in treatment plots at 8 depths viz., 0-10 cm, 10-20cm, 20-30 cm 30-40 cm, 40-50cm, 50-60 cm, 60-70 cm, 70-80cm. Soil moisture at field capacity (1/3 bars) and permanent wilting point (15 bars) was measured using pressure plate apparatus. The difference in soil moisture at field capacity and permanent wilting point was recorded as soil available moisture. Results Soil Moisture: It was observed that, during the crop season (June-September), on an average, the soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth varied from 11.2 to 16.6% across the treatments. The increase in soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth was 18%, 25%, 49%, with 2, 4 and 6 t ha -1 residue treatments respectively over control. The soil moisture contents increased with increase in level of application of residues in all the depths studied (0-80cm). The results pertaining to the effect of residue application on soil moisture % (January- April) are given hereunder (Fig.1). It was observed that the residue applied @ 6t ha -1 (T4) recorded higher soil moisture content at all the depths studied. At 0-10 cm depth, application of residues at 6t ha -1 resulted in highest moisture storage in the soil compared to other treatments after the harvest of the crop. The treatments @ 2, 4 and 6 t ha -1 , on an average recorded 25%, 34% and 57% higher soil moisture contents respectively over control. It was observed that at 10-20 cm soil depth, on an average, soil moisture was lower compared to surface soil. At this depth, the residue treated plots stored 27%, 51% and 78% higher moisture compared to no residue treatment. On an average, at 20-30 cm depth also, residues influenced soil moisture storage. The treatments viz T2, T3 and T4 maintained 47%, 58% and 80% higher soil moisture compared to control. During the first three weeks and between 11-13 th meteorological weeks, there was no receipt of rainfall. Despite non receipt of rainfall, T4 treatment maintained higher soil moisture storage followed by T3 and T2 treatments. The control treatment (no residue) stored the least amount of soil moisture. 671 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Soil available moisture capacity: It was observed that soil moisture at field capacity was significantly influenced by residue treatments and varied from 10.11 to 12.94 cm m -1 . Significantly higher field capacity (12.94 cm m -1 ) was observed with application of sorghum stover @ 6t ha -1 followed by residue application at 4t ha -1 (11.25 cm m -1 ). Similarly, soil moisture at permanent wilting point varied from 6.90 to 7.45 cm m -1 . The available water content increased with the increase in the graded residue levels and it varied from 3.21 to 5.49 cm m -1 . Significantly higher available water capacity (5.49 cm m -1 ) was observed with application of sorghum stover @ 6t ha -1 followed by residue application at 4t ha -1 (3.85 cm m -1 ). Relationship between soil available moisture and crop yield: In order to establish a relationship between crop yield and volumetric moisture, a simple linear regression equation was developed with yield as functional goal and soil moisture as independent variable (Fig. 3). It was observed that the regression relationship between sorghum grain yield and soil moisture was significant (p=0.01). The coefficient of regression (R 2 = 0.55) denotes that sorghum yield could be explained by volumetric soil moisture content. YSorghum yield = 1053.2 + 222.2 (Volumetric Soil Moisture) .........(R 2 = 0.55) ** Conclusion Relationship between soil available moisture and crop yield The importance of long-term application of residues to soil surface in influencing soil moisture storage. The moisture data also revealed that higher amounts of residue application increased soil moisture storage even beyond 30cm soil depth. At 70-80 cm depth, T2 and T3 treatments maintained 17% and 26% higher moisture compared to control. On an average, T3 recorded 10% higher soil moisture storage compared to T2 treatment when all the soil depths were considered. 672 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities<br />

during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

Soil available moisture capacity: It was observed that soil moisture at field capacity was<br />

significantly influenced by residue treatments and varied from 10.11 to 12.94 cm m -1 .<br />

Significantly higher field capacity (12.94 cm m -1 ) was observed with application <strong>of</strong> sorghum<br />

stover @ 6t ha -1 followed by residue application at 4t ha -1 (11.25 cm m -1 ). Similarly, soil moisture<br />

at permanent wilting point varied from 6.90 to 7.45 cm m -1 . The available water content<br />

increased with the increase in the graded residue levels and it varied from 3.21 to 5.49 cm m -1 .<br />

Significantly higher available water capacity (5.49 cm m -1 ) was observed with application <strong>of</strong><br />

sorghum stover @ 6t ha -1 followed by residue application at 4t ha -1 (3.85 cm m -1 ).<br />

Relationship between soil available moisture and crop yield: In order to establish a relationship<br />

between crop yield and volumetric moisture, a simple linear regression equation was developed<br />

with yield as functional goal and soil moisture as independent variable (Fig. 3). It was observed<br />

that the regression relationship between sorghum grain yield and soil moisture was significant<br />

(p=0.01). The coefficient <strong>of</strong> regression (R 2 = 0.55) denotes that sorghum yield could be explained<br />

by volumetric soil moisture content.<br />

YSorghum yield = 1053.2 + 222.2 (Volumetric Soil Moisture) .........(R 2 = 0.55) **<br />

Conclusion<br />

Relationship between soil available moisture and crop yield<br />

The importance <strong>of</strong> long-term application <strong>of</strong> residues to soil surface in influencing soil moisture<br />

storage. The moisture data also revealed that higher amounts <strong>of</strong> residue application increased soil<br />

moisture storage even beyond 30cm soil depth. At 70-80 cm depth, T2 and T3 treatments<br />

maintained 17% and 26% higher moisture compared to control. On an average, T3 recorded 10%<br />

higher soil moisture storage compared to T2 treatment when all the soil depths were considered.<br />

672 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

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