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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad References Shilpa V. Chogatapur, Vishwajith and Reshma Sutar. 2017. Organic Sugarcane: A Review. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 6(12): 1729-1738. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.196 Singh, K. P. and Srivastava, T. K. .2011. Sugarcane productivity and soil fertility in plant -ratoon system under integrated and organic nutrient management in sub-tropics. Ind. J. Sugarcane Tech., 26(1):10-13. T4a-38P-1461 In-Situ Moisture Conservation Techniques for Timely Sowing of Wheat Crop in Rabi Season Under Kandi Areas of District Kathua Vishal Sharma 1 *, Vishal Mahajan 1 , Berjesh Ajrawat 1 , Anamika Jamwal 1 , Ashu Sharma 1 , Ajay Kumar 1 , Sahil Sharma 1 and B. C. Sharma 2 1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Kathua, SKUAST-Jammu, INDIA 2 FoA, SKUAST-Jammu, INDIA *vsagro14@gmail.com Wheat (Triticum aestivum) plays a vital role in meeting the food requirement of both urban and rural population in India but its yield is low in rainfed areas because of unavailability of moisture at the time of sowing which adversely affect the emergence and plant establishment. It is the most important staple food crop of district Kathua having 41% share, cultivated in about 52.493 thousand hectares with production and productivity of 11.47 lakh quintals and 24.0 q/ha, respectively. Wheat-maize is prominent cropping sequence in the district. The farmers of Kandi areas mostly rely on the cultivation of maize and wheat along with some pulses and oilseeds for their livelihood. However, weather is a critical factor influencing the production of crops in this region. Weather effects on crop yield are manifold, making their assessment challenging. Timely rainfall in district viewed as a dominant climatic element influencing timely sowing and ultimately the yield of wheat crop. The frequent dry spells during the sowing time greatly influence the crop productivity and become the limiting factor to achieve potential productivity. Hence, to overcome with untimely rainfalls at the time of sowing of wheat crop as experienced in last few years an experiment was formulated to study the effect of In-situ conservation of kharif moisture for timely sowing of wheat in rabi season under rainfed conditions in the form of on farm trials (OFTs) during rabi 2021-22. 651 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Methodology The study was based on on-farm trials carried out at five locations in NICRA village under Kathua District during the rabi 2021-22 using cv. WH 1080. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, consisting of three treatments. The experiment comprised of 3 treatments: T1- Farmer practice (sowing after rainfall), T2- After harvest plough and heavy planking, T3- After harvest plough and heavy planking + mulching with maize straw. It represents the sub-tropical zone. Most of the farmers of this region are small and marginal farmers, are economically poor and practice subsistence farming. Under such conditions, due to unfavourable climatic conditions the productivity of crops is much below the national average productivity. District Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir is located on the northern side of the state. It lies between 32 0 00’ 17’ to 32 0 00’ 55’ N latitude and 75 0 00’ 70’ to 76 0 00’ 16’ E longitude. It has a total geographical area of 2.65 lakh hectare, out of which 1.27 lakh ha is gross sown area and 64829 ha (41/%) is net sown area. The soils of this area are deficit in organic carbon, humus and low in available nitrogen, phosphorous and medium in potassium. Other major constraints leading to yield gaps are low availability of quality seeds organic manures, bio pesticides, nonstandardization and non-adoption of improved production practices. Therefore, an attempt has been made in which moisture has been conserved for timely sowing of wheat crop on Kandi areas. Results Results indicated that the integration of plough and heavy planking with maize straw mulching resulted in higher grain and straw yield of wheat crop at all the location of OFTs in comparison to farmer practice. Combination of after harvest plough and heavy planking + mulching with maize straw resulted in significantly higher yield of wheat (38.20 q ha -1 ) as compared to after harvest plough and heavy planking alone (34.4 q ha -1 ) and farmer practice (30.0 q ha -1 ). Adoption of improved sowing technology increased yield by 27 per cent over farmers’ practices. Significant increase in grain yield of wheat crop with integration of plough and heavy planking with maize straw mulching might be due to timely sowing of wheat crop during untimely rainfalls. It was further revealed that higher rates of mulch conserved more soil moisture by providing better cover to the non-cropped area. Mulch application had also significant effect on emergence count. Increase in emergence count with high rates of mulches is attributed to soil moisture conservation. Mulch cover reduces evaporation losses from soil surfaces thus increasing moisture availability for germinating seeds. This contributed to better crop stand and this effect is reflected in the number of total tillers per unit area. Similarly, Sandal and Acharya (1997) investigated different tillage practices in a maize-wheat cropping sequence and reported 652 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
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