Book of Extended summaries ISDA
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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad T4a-25P-1014 Effect of Tillage Practices and Mulching Operations on Productivity of Maize Under Dryland Conditions Pramod Kumar, Mintu Job, N. Kumari, Abhishek Patel and D.N. Singh Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand (India) Dryland agriculture is mainly dependent on rainfall, especially in India, there are different kinds of tillage operations such as conventional tillage, no-tillage, reduced tillage etc. Conventional tillage practices and crop residue removal will lead to a decrease in soil organic matter due to accelerated decomposition and loss of topsoil, thereby adversely affecting soil properties. Recently, reduced tillage practices have been gaining popularity. Conservation tillage techniques, which are soil-surface crop residue management systems with minimum or notillage, are crucial in efficiently saving more precipitation for crop production. Among the management practices for increasing water use efficiency (WUE) one of them is mulching. Any material spread on the surface of soil to protect it from rain drop, solar radiation or evaporation is called mulch. Maize in India contributes nearly 9 % in the national food basket. In addition to staple food for human beings and quality feed for animals, maize serves as a basic raw material as an ingredient to many industrial products that include starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, film, textile, gum, package and paper industries etc.The crop is cultivated throughout the year in all states of the country for various purposes including grain, fodder, green cobs, sweet corn, baby corn, pop corn in peri-urban areas. Methodology A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Zonal Research Station, Chianki situated at 23 0 N and 84.2 0 E under jurisdiction of Birsa Agricultural University (Ranchi), Jharkhand, India during 2017 and 2020. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture with pH 6.7. The soil of the experimental site was medium in organic carbon (0.53 %), available nitrogen (128 kg ha -1 ), phosphorus (70 kg ha -1 ) and low in available potassium (45 kg ha -1 ). There was total of twelve treatments comprisingConventional Tillage + Without Mulch, Conventional Tillage + Farm waste Mulch, Conventional Tillage + Polythene Mulch, Conventional Tillage + Soil Mulch, Minimum Tillage + Without Mulch, Minimum Tillage+ Farm waste Mulch, Minimum Tillage+ Polythene Mulch, Minimum Tillage+ Soil Mulch, Raised Bed Sowing + Without Mulch, Raised Bed Sowing + Farm waste Mulch, Raised Bed Sowing + Polythene Mulch and Raised Bed Sowing + Soil Mulch. The experiment was laid out in a 617 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad randomized block design with three replications. All the recommended packages and practices were followed to grow crops. Marketable produce of crop in terms of per hectare and their saleable value was worked out. The economics was calculated by considering the actual expenditure incurred on various operations, prevalent labour charges and current price of inputs and value of produce in the market. The net returns were computed taking into account market prices. Results The maximum value of plant height (219.6 cm) observed in case of Raised Bed Sowing + Soil Mulch, while minimum plant height (169.4 cm) was recorded with Minimum Tillage + Without Mulch. Maximum cob length (25.59 cm) was observed in case of Raised Bed Sowing + olythene Mulch, while minimum cob length (16.98 cm) was recorded Minimum Tillage + Without Mulch. Test weight (1000-grain weight of 295.75 g was observed in case of Conventional Tillage + Polythene Mulch, while maximum yield (4825 kg/ha) was recorded Raised Bed Sowing + Polythene Mulchwhile minimum yield (3025 kg/ha) was recorded Minimum Tillage + Without Mulch and rain water use efficiency was (6.209 kg/ha/mm).Out of different treatment combinations the treatment combination the Raised Bed sowing with Polythene gave significant higher gain yield 4825 (kg/ha) and also higher rain water use efficiency (6.21 kg/ ha/mm) whereas net B:C ratio (2.13) was found higher in case of Raised Bed Sowing with Farm waste Mulch. The treatment containing Raised Bed Sowing with Polythene Mulch gave 96% weed control whereas Conventional Tillage Without Mulch gave result equal to one complete weeding. Conclusion A comparison of different tillage treatments showed that Raised Bed sowing with Polythene gave significant higher gain yield (4825 kg/ha) and also higher rain water use efficiency (6.21 kg/ ha/mm) whereas net B:C ratio (2.13) was found higher in case of Raised Bed Sowing with Farm waste Mulch. References Gan, Y., Siddique, K. H. M., Turner, N. C., Li, X. G., Niu, J. Y., Yang, C. 2013. Ridge-furrow mulching systems—an innovative technique for boosting crop productivity in semiarid rain-fed environments. Adv. Agron. 118: 429–476. 10.1016/b978-0-12-405942- 9.00007-4 618 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities<br />

during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

randomized block design with three replications. All the recommended packages and practices<br />

were followed to grow crops.<br />

Marketable produce <strong>of</strong> crop in terms <strong>of</strong> per hectare and their saleable value was worked out. The<br />

economics was calculated by considering the actual expenditure incurred on various operations,<br />

prevalent labour charges and current price <strong>of</strong> inputs and value <strong>of</strong> produce in the market. The net<br />

returns were computed taking into account market prices.<br />

Results<br />

The maximum value <strong>of</strong> plant height (219.6 cm) observed in case <strong>of</strong> Raised Bed Sowing + Soil<br />

Mulch, while minimum plant height (169.4 cm) was recorded with Minimum Tillage + Without<br />

Mulch. Maximum cob length (25.59 cm) was observed in case <strong>of</strong> Raised Bed Sowing + olythene<br />

Mulch, while minimum cob length (16.98 cm) was recorded Minimum Tillage + Without Mulch.<br />

Test weight (1000-grain weight <strong>of</strong> 295.75 g was observed in case <strong>of</strong> Conventional Tillage +<br />

Polythene Mulch, while maximum yield (4825 kg/ha) was recorded Raised Bed Sowing +<br />

Polythene Mulchwhile minimum yield (3025 kg/ha) was recorded Minimum Tillage + Without<br />

Mulch and rain water use efficiency was (6.209 kg/ha/mm).Out <strong>of</strong> different treatment<br />

combinations the treatment combination the Raised Bed sowing with Polythene gave significant<br />

higher gain yield 4825 (kg/ha) and also higher rain water use efficiency (6.21 kg/ ha/mm)<br />

whereas net B:C ratio (2.13) was found higher in case <strong>of</strong> Raised Bed Sowing with Farm waste<br />

Mulch. The treatment containing Raised Bed Sowing with Polythene Mulch gave 96% weed<br />

control whereas Conventional Tillage Without Mulch gave result equal to one complete<br />

weeding.<br />

Conclusion<br />

A comparison <strong>of</strong> different tillage treatments showed that Raised Bed sowing with Polythene<br />

gave significant higher gain yield (4825 kg/ha) and also higher rain water use efficiency (6.21<br />

kg/ ha/mm) whereas net B:C ratio (2.13) was found higher in case <strong>of</strong> Raised Bed Sowing with<br />

Farm waste Mulch.<br />

References<br />

Gan, Y., Siddique, K. H. M., Turner, N. C., Li, X. G., Niu, J. Y., Yang, C. 2013. Ridge-furrow<br />

mulching systems—an innovative technique for boosting crop productivity in semiarid<br />

rain-fed environments. Adv. Agron. 118: 429–476. 10.1016/b978-0-12-405942-<br />

9.00007-4<br />

618 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture

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