Book of Extended summaries ISDA
Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad total cost of cultivation of Rs 7265.69 ha -1 and increased the profit by 13171.07 ha -1 . Zero tillage method also recorded higher bbenefit cost ratio was 2.34 as compared to conventional tillage method i.e. 1.70. Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture T4a-10R-1235 Nutrient Dynamics in Conservation Agriculture under Rainfed Conditions P. S. Prabhamani, H. B. Babalad, R. K. Patil and Geetha Shirnalli University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India – 580 005 Wide spread degradation of natural resources in rainfed areas and climate change are threatening the national food security. This has brought about focus on rainfed ecology which has been now affected has very low level of sustainability. In rainfed regions, Conservation agriculture (CA) has been proposed as a widely adapted set of management principles that can assure more sustainable agricultural production. Agro-ecology specific conservation agriculture strategies are needed in rainfed production systems that have the scope in saving time, reduced cost of production and increase soil carbon sequestration and nutrient stratification. Conservation tillage is a widely-used terminology in CA to denote soil management systems that result in at least 30 per cent of the soil surface being covered with crop residues after seeding of the subsequent crop. This helps to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC), physical, chemical and biological properties. Tillage, residue management and crop rotation have a significant impact on nutrient distribution and transformation in soil (Sharma et al., 2021). The experiment was conducted with objective to study the effect of conservation tillage practices on soil physical properties and nutrient dynamics in groundnutsorghum cropping system under rainfed conditions. Methodology A field experiment was initiated on a fixed site during 2013-14 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad and after four years of experimentation the results were discussed in this article. The experiment was laid out in strip block design with six different tillage practices in three replications [CT1: No tillage with BBF (broad bed and furrows) and crop residues retained on the surface, CT 2: Reduced tillage with BBF and partial incorporation of crop residues, CT 3: No tillage with flat bed (FB) and crop residues retained on the surface, CT4: Reduced tillage with FB and partial incorporation of crop residues, CT 5: Conventional tillage with crop residues incorporation and CT 6: Conventional tillage with no application of crop residues as control]. Rotavator was passed for shredding and partial incorporation of residue treatment plots and to shred the residues and retention on the surface rotaslasher was passed, in conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation plot residues were incorporated at the time of ploughing where as in no residue plots all the crop residues were removed after the harvesting and land was ploughed. 586 | Page
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Results The results of effect of different conservation tillage systems on soil physical and chemical properties are presented in the table 1. All conservation tillage systems recorded significantly higher water stable aggregates content over conventional tillage practices. Among the conservation tillage practices CT 1 and CT 3 revealed higher aggregate stability followed by CT2 and CT4 whereas CT5 and CT6 recorded significantly lower per cent aggregate stability. Among the tillage practices, CT 4 recorded significantly higher MWHC of the soil (54.0 % ) followed by CT 1 and CT 3. However, CT 5 revealed significantly lower MWHC than conservation tillage practices (50.6 %). Data showed that tillage systems significantly influenced the SOC content. Among the tillage practices CT 1 and CT 3 recorded significantly higher SOC content (8.84 and 8.76 g kg -1 ) over CT5 and CT6 (6.31 and 5.46 g kg -1 respectively). At 15-30 cm depth data showed CT5 recorded significantly higher SOC content (6.16 g kg -1 ) as compared to rest of the tillage practices. In 0-30 cm soil depths, indicating SOC content of surface soil was higher as compared to sub surface In conventional tillage with no crop residues system, lower soil organic carbon content and further destruction of soil aggregates through tillage resulted in loss of occluded intra aggregate particulate organic matter carbon in soil which contribute long term soil carbon sequestration in agricultural soils (Six et al., 2004).The data on available soil NPK at 0-15cm soil depth showed that tillage systems significantly influenced the available soil nutrients. Among the tillage practices CT1 recorded significantly higher available soil NPK (290, 41.9 and 449.5 kg ha -1 respectively). At 15-30 cm soil depth data showed that CT5 and CT6 revealed significantly higher soil available N (223.6 and 207.9 kg ha -1 respectively) as compared to conservation tillage practices. The presence of mineral soil NPK available for plant uptake is dependent on the rate of carbon mineralisation (Sharma et al., 2021). Retention of crop residues might have reduced the surface area of crop biomass for microbial decomposition resulting in slower decomposition and long duration retention which in-turn helped in release of nutrients for a longer period Conclusion Combination of no tillage with BBF and FB and crop residues retained on the surface in groundnut-sorghum system recorded significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties. References Mohanty, A. and Mishra, K. N. 2014. Influence of conservation agriculture production system on available soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and maize equivalent yield on a fluventic haplustepts in the north central plateau zone of Odisha. Trends in Biosci. 7(23): 3962-3967 587 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &<br />
Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />
Results<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> different conservation tillage systems on soil physical and chemical<br />
properties are presented in the table 1. All conservation tillage systems recorded significantly<br />
higher water stable aggregates content over conventional tillage practices. Among the<br />
conservation tillage practices CT 1 and CT 3 revealed higher aggregate stability followed by<br />
CT2 and CT4 whereas CT5 and CT6 recorded significantly lower per cent aggregate stability.<br />
Among the tillage practices, CT 4 recorded significantly higher MWHC <strong>of</strong> the soil (54.0 % )<br />
followed by CT 1 and CT 3. However, CT 5 revealed significantly lower MWHC than<br />
conservation tillage practices (50.6 %). Data showed that tillage systems significantly<br />
influenced the SOC content. Among the tillage practices CT 1 and CT 3 recorded significantly<br />
higher SOC content (8.84 and 8.76 g kg -1 ) over CT5 and CT6 (6.31 and 5.46 g kg -1<br />
respectively). At 15-30 cm depth data showed CT5 recorded significantly higher SOC content<br />
(6.16 g kg -1 ) as compared to rest <strong>of</strong> the tillage practices. In 0-30 cm soil depths, indicating<br />
SOC content <strong>of</strong> surface soil was higher as compared to sub surface In conventional tillage<br />
with no crop residues system, lower soil organic carbon content and further destruction <strong>of</strong><br />
soil aggregates through tillage resulted in loss <strong>of</strong> occluded intra aggregate particulate organic<br />
matter carbon in soil which contribute long term soil carbon sequestration in agricultural soils<br />
(Six et al., 2004).The data on available soil NPK at 0-15cm soil depth showed that tillage<br />
systems significantly influenced the available soil nutrients. Among the tillage practices CT1<br />
recorded significantly higher available soil NPK (290, 41.9 and 449.5 kg ha -1 respectively).<br />
At 15-30 cm soil depth data showed that CT5 and CT6 revealed significantly higher soil<br />
available N (223.6 and 207.9 kg ha -1 respectively) as compared to conservation tillage<br />
practices. The presence <strong>of</strong> mineral soil NPK available for plant uptake is dependent on the<br />
rate <strong>of</strong> carbon mineralisation (Sharma et al., 2021). Retention <strong>of</strong> crop residues might have<br />
reduced the surface area <strong>of</strong> crop biomass for microbial decomposition resulting in slower<br />
decomposition and long duration retention which in-turn helped in release <strong>of</strong> nutrients for a<br />
longer period<br />
Conclusion<br />
Combination <strong>of</strong> no tillage with BBF and FB and crop residues retained on the surface in<br />
groundnut-sorghum system recorded significantly improved soil physical and chemical<br />
properties.<br />
References<br />
Mohanty, A. and Mishra, K. N. 2014. Influence <strong>of</strong> conservation agriculture production<br />
system on available soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and maize equivalent<br />
yield on a fluventic haplustepts in the north central plateau zone <strong>of</strong> Odisha. Trends<br />
in Biosci. 7(23): 3962-3967<br />
587 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture