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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad adoption of reduced tillage, crop rotations and residue retention. Several successful case studies on CA were reported in irrigated systems (Aulakh et al., 2012), but very limited efforts were made in rainfed production systems. In this background, an attempt was made to find out the impact of CA on system productivity, profitability, nutrient use efficiency and GHGs emission in maize-horsegram cropping sequence in rainfed Alfisol. Methodology A field experiment was conducted during 2010-2020 at Gunegal Research Farm of Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad. These sandy loam soils are slightly acidic in reaction, low in soil organic carbon, medium available nutrients (N, P and K). Among micronutrient Zn was deficient (0.48 mg kg -1 ). Experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting 2 tillage treatments (conservation= zero tillage and residue retention (CA) and conventional= 2 ploughing, complete removal of residues (CT)) as main plot and nutrient management (control, NPKSZnB (120-60-40-55-10-0.5 kg N, P 2O 5, K 2O, S, Zn, B respectively), N, P, K, S, Zn, B omission) as sub plot. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Chemical fertilizers as N, P, K, S, Zn and B were applied in the form of urea (46% N), diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18% N and 46% P 2O 5), muriate of potash (MOP) (60% K2O), single super phosphate (SSP), Zinc sulfate (21% Zn) and Borax respectively. Hybrid maize (DHM 117) was grown in rainy season (June-October) following 60x25 cm spacing and horsegram (CRIDA 18R) was sown just after the harvesting of maize. Results Pooled data showed that system productivity increased through CA in maize-horsegram sequence through successful raising of Rabi season horsegram crop utilizing off season rainfall through better soil moisture conservation. Out of 11 years (2010-2020), 8 years total system yield in CA was higher than or at par with CT and in 7 years horsegram crop was successful. Agronomic efficiency (AE) of N, P, K in CA was 22.1, 55.3 and 26.6 kg yield increase per kg of fertilizer nutrients applied compared to 18.8, 40.7, 24.1 kg yield increase per kg of fertilizer nutrients applied respectively in CT due better soil water nutrient interaction (Aulakh et al.,2012). Higher grain yield of horsegram in CA was due to 4.2% higher soil moisture compared to CT during flowering and grain filling stage of horsegram which helped better grain filling of horsegram (Kundu et al., 2013). Significantly higher gross return (Rs. 37308 ha -1 ), net return (Rs. 20951 ha -1 ) and B:C ratio (2.25) was found in CA compared to CT. Significantly higher available N (207 kg ha -1 ) and K (180 kg ha -1 ) was observed in balanced fertilization and N omission treatment respectively. Significantly higher buildup of available K (32 kg ha -1 ) and soil organic carbon sequestration (13.6 Mg ha -1 ) was observed in CA. Higher SOC was observed in CA (0.64%) compared to CT (0.48%). SOC decreased with depth irrespective of tillage systems. There was no significant difference in SOC beyond 30 cm soil depth. Higher very labile C was observed in CT (0.38%) compared Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture 578 | Page
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad to CA, but higher labile and less labile C was observed in CA compared to CT. Significantly higher MBC (104 and 91 µg g -1 of soil after harvest of maize and horsegram respectively), urease (100 µg NH4 g -1 hr -1 after harvest of horsegram), aryl sulfatase, alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in CA compared to CT. Water soluble K was higher in CA (6.2 mg/kg) compared to CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth. Higher Fe (16.9 mg/kg) and Cu (1.08 mg/kg) was observed in CA compared to CT but Mn content was at par. Significantly higher CO 2 emission (kg ha -1 ) was observed in CA (5069) as compared to CT (4060) during maize growing season. Among nutrient management, higher CO 2 emission (kg ha -1 ) was observed in NPKSZnB (7510) followed by N omission (3258) and control (2927). Significantly higher N 2O omission (g ha -1 ) was observed in CT (243.7) compared to CA (188.9). CA increased CO2 emission by 24.8%, but decreased N2O emission by 29% compared to CT which ultimately resulted lower global warming potential (GWP). Total system yield (Mg/ha) 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Conclusion 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 System productivity (Mg ha -1 ) as inflenced by CA. CA CT System productivity increased through CA in maize-horsegram sequence. Effect of CA is more pronounced in sequence crop (horsegram) grown in rabi season. In less rainfall year, it can minimize the effect of moisture stress of hosegram and sustain the crop for several more weeks. CA improved the SOC and available nutrient status, particularly K in the soil. Thus, CA with improved nutrient management can improve soil health, nutrient use efficiency and increase net primary productivity and profitability in rainfed region. References Aulakh, M. S., Manchanda, J. S., Garg, A. K., Kumar, S., Dercon, G., Nguyen, M. L., 2012. Crop production and nutrient use efficiency of conservation agriculture for soybean–wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Northwestern India. Soil Tillage Res. 120: 50–60. Kundu, S., Srinivasarao, Ch., Mallick, R. B., Satyanarayana, T., Prakash Naik, R., Johnston, A. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2013. Conservation agriculture in maize (Zea mays L.)-horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum L.) system in rainfed Alfisols for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. J. Agric. Meteorol. 15:144-149. 579 | Page Resource conservation and rainfed agriculture
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Citation Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa
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Resilience through land and water m
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International Conference on Reimagi
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Theme- 2 Ecosystem based approaches
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