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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &<br />

Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

Methodology<br />

The productivity, pr<strong>of</strong>itability, energy security, and environmental sustainability <strong>of</strong> four<br />

Integrated Organic Farming System models (viz., IOFS -I, mono-cropping+livestock; IOFS -<br />

II, diversified cropping+livestock; IOFS -III, diversified cropping+livestock+poultry, and<br />

IOFS -IV, diversified cropping+ livestock+ poultry+ piggery) were assessed in Meghalaya<br />

region <strong>of</strong> Indian Himalayas. The system productivity <strong>of</strong> different systems was evaluated to<br />

assess their production capacity. For a meaningful comparison <strong>of</strong> different production<br />

systems, all products were converted into the rice equivalent yield i.e. system productivity.<br />

Energy auditing explores an efficiency edge between an input-output relationship in different<br />

production systems. Carbon footprint both at a spatial scale and yield scale and eco-efficiency<br />

considering energy input and emission <strong>of</strong> GHG per unit <strong>of</strong> economic gain were assessed to<br />

compare the environmental competency <strong>of</strong> integrated production systems. General Linear<br />

Model version SAS 9.4 was used to test the statistical significance <strong>of</strong> data obtained from<br />

diverse production systems. The least significant difference (LSD) and standard error <strong>of</strong> the<br />

mean was employed for valid comparison <strong>of</strong> data among the different IOFS models.<br />

Results<br />

All the integrated organic farming systems had higher energy pr<strong>of</strong>itability and substantially<br />

reduced greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) over IOFS-I. IOFS -IV recorded considerably<br />

higher net pr<strong>of</strong>it (US$. 2828.5 y -1 ), energy productivity (0.22 kg MJ -1 ), and the lowest GHGI<br />

(0.33 kg CO 2eq kg -1 food production) over other production systems. GHG (kg -1 production)<br />

emissions <strong>of</strong> IOFS-IV were also 1.7 times lower than that <strong>of</strong> IOFS -I. Furthermore, IOFS -IV<br />

had recycled 81.1, 68.2, and 68.8% higher N, P, and K over the IOFS-1, respectively. Thus,<br />

the study suggested that IOFS -IV could be a pr<strong>of</strong>itable, energy-efficient, environmentally<br />

friendly, and economically viable sustainable production system for the Indian Himalayan<br />

region.<br />

References<br />

Babu Subhash, Mohapatra, K.P., Das, A., Yadav, G.S., Singh, R., Chandra, P., Avasthe, R. K., Kumar<br />

Amit, Thoithoi Devi, M., Singh, V. K. and Panwar, A. S. 2021. Integrated Farming Systems:<br />

Climate-Resilient Sustainable Food Production System in the Indian Himalayan Region. In:<br />

Exploring Synergies and Trade-<strong>of</strong>fs Between Climate Change and the Sustainable Development<br />

Goals, V. Venkatramanan, Shachi Shah and Ram Prasad (Eds.): 119-143.<br />

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7301-9_6<br />

Lal, R. 2009. Soil degradation as a reason for inadequate human nutrition. Food Secur. 1(1): 45-57.<br />

DOI:10.1007/s12571-009-0009-z.<br />

Lu, S., Bai, X., Li, W., Wang, N. 2019. Impacts <strong>of</strong> climate change on water resources and grain<br />

production. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change. 143:76-84. DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.015<br />

442 | Page Sustainable soil management for resilient rainfed agro-ecosystem: conservation agriculture, organic farming, INM,<br />

soil-microorganisms-plant interactions

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