Book of Extended summaries ISDA
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Book of Extended summaries ISDA

Book of Extended summaries ISDA Book of Extended summaries ISDA

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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad T4-01O-1124 Long-Term Effect of Nutrient Management Practices in Rainfed Maize in Southern Rajasthan under Dryland Condition R. K. Sharma 1* , J. K. Balyan 2 , G. R. Chary 4 , Ramavtar 1 , S. Dadheech 1 and S. K. Sharma 3 1 College of Agriculture Bhilwara–311001, Rajasthan 2 Dryland Farming Research Station, Arjia, Bhilwara 3 Directorate of Research, Udaipur4ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad *rksdfrs@ yahoo.co.in Rainfed agriculture is the main stay of farmers in Rajasthan. Out of 10.23 lakh ha of gross cropped area in Sub-Humid Plain and Southern Hills of South Rajasthan, 77% area is rainfed. The zone is characterized by small and scattered land holdings, erratic distribution of rainfall, inherently poor soil fertility and frequent crop failures due to drought. Integrated nutrient management envisages the use of fertilizers in conjunction with locally available nutrient sources of organic-based manures (FYM, compost, green leaf manure etc.), legume in cropping system for sustaining soil health and productivity. The soils are low in nitrogen. Therefore, instead of solely depending on costly chemical fertilizer, some low-cost practices should be adopted to explore the possibility of getting the natural sources of nitrogen available to the farmers. Methodology Field experiments were conducted in All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Dryland Agriculture, Dryland Farming Research Station (MPUAT) Arjia, Rajasthan during kharif 2008-2020 under dryland conditions. The experimental site is typically representative of the dryland conditions of western India and having Sandy loam soil texture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications and nine treatments in a set. The treatments consisted of T 1- Control (No fertilizer), T 2-100% RDN & P (50 kg N+30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1) through inorganic fertilizer,T3- 25 kg N through FYM and remaining 25 kg N through IF +30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1, T 4-25 Kg N through compost and remaining 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T5-25 kg N through crop residues (wheat straw) and remaining 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T6- 15 kg N through FYM + 10 kg N through crop residues and remaining 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1, T 7- 15 kg N through FYM + 10 kg N through compost and remaining 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T8- 15 kg N through FYM + 10 kg N through Greenleafand remaining 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1 and T 9- 100% RDN through IF without phosphorus and applied in maize crop. The treatments were superimposed with 4 replications in a Randomized Block Design with plot size of 6 m × 5 m. Maize crop was sown at a row-plant spacing of 60 × 25 cm and blackgram crop was sown at a row- plant spacing of 30 x 10 cm. The recommended dose of P fertilizers was 434 | Page Sustainable soil management for resilient rainfed agro-ecosystem: conservation agriculture, organic farming, INM, soil-microorganisms-plant interactions

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad applied in all treatments except T 1: Control. The 100% RDF comprised of 50 kg ha−1 of N and 30 kg ha−1 of P 2O5. Well decomposed FYM, compost and crop residues were incorporated according to treatments 2 weeks before the sowing of maize crop in rainy season. Results Results revealed that application of 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through IF+ 30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1 recorded higher mean maize grain equivalent yield (3533 kg ha-1) and higher maize equivalent stover yield (5390 kg ha-1) as compared to control (2057 kg ha-1and 2967 kg ha-1, respectively).The available nitrogen content of the soil was affected by application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. It varied from 185 kg ha-1 (control) to 265.05 kgha-1 in the treatment receiving 25 kg N through FYM and 25kg N through chemical fertilizer along with 30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1. Similarly, organic carbon content, available phosphorous and available potassium significantly increased by the application of organic manure, chemical fertilizers and their combinations in comparison to control. Micronutrient status were also found higher with the application of organic sources. Whereas, pH and electric conductivity did not influence statistically significant by the application of organic sources. However, bulk density and infiltration rate significantly influenced by the application of different organic sources. Results revealed that applications of organic treatments significantly affected the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil and recorded higher with the application of 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through IF+30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Dehydrogenase activities also observed significantly higher in organic treatments. Research findings suggested that judicious combination of manures and chemical fertilizers depending upon the availability, nature and properties of the soil and crops not only enhanced the cereal crops’ productivity, but also maintained the soil fertility (Sharma et al.2018), soil quality and optimum productivity on sustainable basis (Singh and Yadav 1992). Conservation and maintenance of a threshold level of SOM is a key consideration in sustainable crop productivity and maintenance of soil quality. Many studies have shown that balanced application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures can increase soil productivity and positively related to soil C accumulation (Srinivasarao et al. 2016). Application of organic manures can increase the SOM and enhance soil fertility (Debska et al. 2016). Conclusion Application of 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through IF+ 30 kg P 2O 5 recorded 70.35 % higher mean maize grain equivalent yield and 76.2% higher maize equivalent stover yield as compared to control after fourteen years of experimentation. Sustainable soil management for resilient rainfed agro-ecosystem: conservation agriculture, organic farming, INM, soil-microorganisms-plant interactions 435 | Page

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges &<br />

Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad<br />

applied in all treatments except T 1: Control. The 100% RDF comprised <strong>of</strong> 50 kg ha−1 <strong>of</strong> N<br />

and 30 kg ha−1 <strong>of</strong> P 2O5. Well decomposed FYM, compost and crop residues were<br />

incorporated according to treatments 2 weeks before the sowing <strong>of</strong> maize crop in rainy<br />

season.<br />

Results<br />

Results revealed that application <strong>of</strong> 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through IF+ 30 kg<br />

P 2O 5 ha-1 recorded higher mean maize grain equivalent yield (3533 kg ha-1) and higher<br />

maize equivalent stover yield (5390 kg ha-1) as compared to control (2057 kg ha-1and 2967<br />

kg ha-1, respectively).The available nitrogen content <strong>of</strong> the soil was affected by application<br />

<strong>of</strong> organic manure and chemical fertilizers. It varied from 185 kg ha-1 (control) to 265.05<br />

kgha-1 in the treatment receiving 25 kg N through FYM and 25kg N through chemical<br />

fertilizer along with 30 kg P 2O 5 ha-1. Similarly, organic carbon content, available<br />

phosphorous and available potassium significantly increased by the application <strong>of</strong> organic<br />

manure, chemical fertilizers and their combinations in comparison to control. Micronutrient<br />

status were also found higher with the application <strong>of</strong> organic sources. Whereas, pH and<br />

electric conductivity did not influence statistically significant by the application <strong>of</strong> organic<br />

sources. However, bulk density and infiltration rate significantly influenced by the<br />

application <strong>of</strong> different organic sources. Results revealed that applications <strong>of</strong> organic<br />

treatments significantly affected the population <strong>of</strong> bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil<br />

and recorded higher with the application <strong>of</strong> 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through<br />

IF+30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Dehydrogenase activities also observed significantly higher in organic<br />

treatments. Research findings suggested that judicious combination <strong>of</strong> manures and chemical<br />

fertilizers depending upon the availability, nature and properties <strong>of</strong> the soil and crops not only<br />

enhanced the cereal crops’ productivity, but also maintained the soil fertility (Sharma et<br />

al.2018), soil quality and optimum productivity on sustainable basis (Singh and Yadav 1992).<br />

Conservation and maintenance <strong>of</strong> a threshold level <strong>of</strong> SOM is a key consideration in<br />

sustainable crop productivity and maintenance <strong>of</strong> soil quality. Many studies have shown that<br />

balanced application <strong>of</strong> chemical fertilizers and organic manures can increase soil<br />

productivity and positively related to soil C accumulation (Srinivasarao et al. 2016).<br />

Application <strong>of</strong> organic manures can increase the SOM and enhance soil fertility (Debska et<br />

al. 2016).<br />

Conclusion<br />

Application <strong>of</strong> 25 kg N through FYM and 25 kg N through IF+ 30 kg P 2O 5 recorded 70.35 %<br />

higher mean maize grain equivalent yield and 76.2% higher maize equivalent stover yield as<br />

compared to control after fourteen years <strong>of</strong> experimentation.<br />

Sustainable soil management for resilient rainfed agro-ecosystem: conservation agriculture, organic farming,<br />

INM, soil-microorganisms-plant interactions<br />

435 | Page

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