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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad contribute to a lower rate of soil moisture depletion. In general, plants with the C4 photosynthesis pathway are more efficient in water use than plants with the C 3 photosynthesis pathway (Bacon, 2004). Differences in TE among species are well known. However, variation in TE within a species has been reported in maize (Jyothi et al., 2020) and blakgram (Jyothi et al., 2017). As a C 4 crop, pearl millet possesses high TE and is well adapted to semi-arid environments. Hybrid (ICMH-356) and open pollinated variety (OPV, ICMV-221) were evaluated to understand the variations in water use and transpiration efficiency from sowing to grain harvest (during Kharif in rainout shelter facility). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with five replications. Growth observations and water balance in pots quantified components of whole-plant TE. Methodology Transpiration efficiency was determined by gravimetric method with modifications. Whole plant level TE was determined gravimetrically in 15 litres plastic pots filled with a mixture of red soil and farm yard manure. Recommended dose of fertilizer was used. Two seeds were planted per pot and thinned to one plant at 7 days after emergence. The pots were then covered from both ends with poly bags. A slit was cut in the top bag to permit seedling growth. The slit was further sealed with a piece of clear adhesive tape. The poly bags were tightly fixed onto the pots with an elastic band. The initial weight recorded. The pots were weighed every 3 days (from 7 days after covering with poly bags) and measured quantity of water was supplemented through a funnel placed into the poly bag and again sealed with tape after watering. When the plants reached maturity, they were harvested at soil level and final pot weight was recorded. Individually plants were partitioned into leaves, stems and cobs and the dry weight was recorded. Total water transpired was calculated by subtracting the final pot weight from the initial weight and then adding the amount of water that has been applied at regular intervals. TE biomass and TE seed was calculated by dividing the above ground dry biomass and seed yield by the amount of water transpired. Results The water transpired was 19.02 l/p and 20.84 l/p for OPV (ICMV-221) and Hybrid (ICMH- 356) for the total growth period. The total biomass was 67.3 g/p and 107.9 g/p and seed yield was 30.81 and 43.6 g/pl for OPV and hybrid respectively. In OPV, TE biomass and TE seed yield was 3.54 (g biomass/1 water) and 1.61 (g seed/ l water) and increased to 5.17 and 2.09 respectively in hybrid. TEbiomass and TEseed (biomass/seed produced per unit of water transpired) in hybrid improved by 46.0% and 29.8% respectively. High TE in hybrid was due to enhanced biomass production (60.3%) and seed yield (41.5%) with extra water use (9.6%) as compared to OPV (ICMV-221). 419 | Page Managing genetic resources for enhanced stress tolerance
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Total biomass, seed yield, water transpired and TE in hybrid and OPV of pearl millet. Parameters ICMV-221(OPV) ICMH-356 (Hybrid) Total biomass (g/plant 67.3 107.9 (60.3%) Seed yield (g/plant) 30.81 43.6 (41.5%) Water transpired (L/Plant) 19.02 20.84 (9.6% TE biomass (g biomass/ L water) 3.54 5.17 (46.0%) TE seed yield (g seed/ L water) 1.61 2.09 (29.8%) TR biomass (L water/ kg seed) 289.7 194.6 (-32.8%) TR seed yield (L water/ kg seed) 639 479.4 (-25.0% Values in parenthesis are % increase or decrease over OPV 120 Total biomass 22 Water transpired (L/plant) 6 Transpiration effficiency 100 20 5 Biomass (g/plant) 80 60 40 20 Water transpired (L/Plant) 18 16 14 12 TE (g dry wt. /L water) 4 3 2 1 0 ICMV-221 ICMH-356 10 ICMV-221 ICMH-356 0 ICMV-221 ICMH-356 Seed wt Husk Leaf stem Shoot TE Seed TE Total biomass, seed yield and transpiration efficiency in pearl millet hybrid (ICMH-356) and OPV (ICMV-221) Conclusion Transpiration ratio (TR) which is the ratio of amount of water transpired by a plant during its growing season to the weight of seed produced, decreased from 639 L H 2O/kg seed in OPV to 479.4 L H2O/kg seed in hybrid. Results clearly show that 25% less water was transpired to produce a kilogram seed suggesting that less water will be required for hybrid compared to open pollinated variety. Hybrids have high TE compared to open pollinated varieties. References Bacon, M.A., 2004. Water Use Efficiency in Plant Biology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Boca Raton, FL. Jyothi Lakshmi, N., Vanaja, M., Yadav, S. K., Amol Patil, Ram Prasad, Ch., Sathish, P., Salini, K., Arun K.Shanker and Maheswari, M. 2020. Assessing genetic diversity of maize genotypes for transpiration efficiency. Electron. J. Plant Breed. Vol 11(3):822-830. Managing genetic resources for enhanced stress tolerance 420 | Page
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Citation Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa
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Resilience through land and water m
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International Conference on Reimagi
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Theme- 2 Ecosystem based approaches
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