Book of Extended summaries ISDA

20.12.2022 Views
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad diseases and weather parameters like temperature and relative humidity influence flowering and fruit set in mango. Hence a study was conducted to establish a relationship of weather parameters with the flowering behaviour and yield of mango using per cent hermaphrodite flowers, fruit set (%) and fruit yield of mango. Methodology The present investigation was executed at 2 locations/orchards with two management levels (M1: control and M2: With Plant Protection Chemicals) with a sample size of 5 plants each in 2 locations with different age groups (20 and 28 years old plantation) located at Dryland Agriculture Project, Zonal Agricultural research station, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru analysed using factorial RCBD for two years (2020-21 and 2021-22). To manage the major diseases and pests like powdery mildew, anthracnose, fruit fly and mango hoppers two sprays were given to the spray treatment trees with Hexaconazole @ 5 % SC, Lambda Cyhalothrin @ 5 % EC and Sulphur @ 80% WP at the time of flower bud initiation and fruiting stage. Observations are recorded from the start of vegetative growth, and flowering till the harvesting of fruits. Results The per cent hermaphrodite flowers from the number of hermaphrodite flowers to the total number of flowers per panicle in each direction in Mallika hybrid was higher in 20 years old (24.0 %) with spray treatment (24.2 %) in the north direction of the tree (24.6 %) (Table 1). This may be due to the higher proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in the 20 years old tree and male flowers being more than bisexual flowers and along with the flowering behaviour, it was also affected by the temperature. Both male and hermaphrodite flowers are found within a single inflorescence. It is the hermaphrodite flowers that often undergo proper pollination and fertilization and set fruit. Low temperature during the floral morphogenesis period which is much before the flower emergence is critical for the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in mango. Flower bud differentiation in different cultivars and seasons was associated with higher chlorophyll, carbohydrate and carbohydrate-nitrogen ratio, total phenol, soluble protein, cytokinin and ethylene, auxin and lower levels of IAA oxidase activity and gibberellic acid (Manjarekar et al., 2018, Rajatiya et al., 2018 and Saheda et al., 2019). The ability of cultivars to bear fruit set also depends upon the availability of pollen, its viability, population of pollinating insects and self and cross-compatibility of a cultivar, abortion of embryo, low stigmatic receptivity, lack of irrigation and competition between developing fruitlets. Along with these abiotic factors, the incidence of powdery mildew, anthracnose disease, and hoppers can cause flower and fruit drops. The temperature was found to play a superior role in fruit set, low, as well as high temperatures, affect the fruit set in mango. Mallika hybrid of 20 years of aged trees (3.4 %) with a spray of plant protection 322 | Page Climate resilient agriculture for risk mitigation

International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad chemicals (3.3 %) in the east direction of the tree (3.5 %) has shown a higher fruit set per cent. With all the increasing flowering and yield attributes which has contributed to increasing fruit yield in 20 years of aged trees with the plant protection chemicals spray. This is due to an increase in the per cent hermaphrodite flowers and higher fruit set percentage in these treatments. The flowering and fruiting depend on the supply of photosynthates during flower bud differentiation, fruit set and fruit development thus, act as a major sink for carbohydrates (Rattan et al., 2020). Per cent hermaphrodite flowers per inflorescence, fruit set per cent and yield as influenced by different ages, management practice and direction in Mallika mango (Pooled) 20 years (A1) 28 years (A2) Fruit Treatment Control Control D Mean Treatment yield PPC (M2) PPC (M2) (M1) (M1) (kg/tree) Per cent hermaphrodite flowers 20 years D 1 - North 24.6 25.4 24.1 24.2 24.6 (A 1) 64.24 D 2 - South 23.3 24.4 23.5 24.0 23.8 28 years D 3 - East 23.2 23.7 23.6 23.9 23.6 (A 2) 46.60 D 4- West 23.0 24.2 23.7 23.6 23.6 F test * A - Mean 24.0 23.8 S.Em.+ 2.08 M - Mean 23.6 24.2 A M D CD at 5% 6.42 F - test NS * * Control S.Em.+ 0.11 0.11 0.16 (M 1) 46.09 CD at 5% NS 0.32 0.46 AM AD MD AMD PPC (M 2) 64.75 F - test * NS NS NS S.Em.+ 0.16 0.23 0.23 0.32 F test * CD at 5% 0.46 NS NS NS S.Em.+ 2.08 20 years (A1) 28 years (A2) Treatment Control Control D Mean PPC (M2) PPC (M2) (M1) (M1) Fruit set percent D 1 - North 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 D 2 - South 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 D 3 - East 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 D 4- West 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 A - Mean 3.4 3.3 M - Mean 3.4 3.3 A M D F - test * NS * S.Em.+ 0.03 0.03 0.05 CD at 5% 0.09 NS 0.13 AM AD MD AMD F - test NS NS NS NS S.Em.+ 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.09 CD at 5% NS NS NS NS Climate resilient agriculture for risk mitigation CD at 5% 6.42 A 1M 1 54.13 A1M2 74.34 A2M1 38.04 A2M2 55.17 F test NS S.Em.+ 2.94 CD at 5% NS 323 | Page

Page 1 and 2: Extended Summaries 22-24 December,

Page 3 and 4: Citation Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa

Page 5 and 6: Resilience through land and water m

Page 7 and 8: International Conference on Reimagi





































































Page 145 and 146: Theme- 2 Ecosystem based approaches



























Page 200: International Conference on Reimagi























































































































































































Page 575 and 576: Resource conservation and rainfed a























































































































Page 814 and 815: Theme- 6 Institutional and policy i






























































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